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Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Action Mechanisms in Availability of Nutrients to Plants

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Phyto-Microbiome in Stress Regulation

Part of the book series: Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology ((EMB))

Abstract

One of the main obstacles to plant growth is the lack of the availability of nutrient elements in many agricultural environments in the world, especially the tropics where soils can be extremely low in nutrients. Using different mechanisms of action, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) participate in geochemical nutrition cycles and determine their access to plants and the microbial community of the soil. Use of these bacteria as bio-inoculants will increase the availability of nutrient elements in soil, help to minimize the chemical fertilizer application, reduce environmental pollution, and promote sustainable agriculture. Considering comprehensive reviews previously published on plant growth enhancement mechanisms, this review focuses on what is known about the action mechanisms underlying the increase of the availability of nutrient elements as an effect of microbial colonization especially PGPR. In this chapter, some of the most important mechanisms and processes regarding the effects of PGPR on the availability and hence uptake of nutrient elements by plant are reviewed. The awareness of such mechanisms can be important for the selection and hence production of microbial inoculums, which are appropriate for biological fertilization as substituting or decreasing the need of using chemical fertilizers in crops. In this review, special consideration is given to the role of PGPR in the availability of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) as macronutrients and iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as micronutrients.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank University of Tehran and University of Saskatchewan for providing the necessary facilities for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Etesami

  2. Department of Soil Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

    Sina M. Adl

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  1. Hassan Etesami
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Correspondence to Hassan Etesami .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Manoj Kumar

  2. Swami Rama Himalayan University, Himalayan School of Biosciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Vivek Kumar

  3. Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India

    Ram Prasad

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Etesami, H., Adl, S.M. (2020). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Action Mechanisms in Availability of Nutrients to Plants. In: Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Prasad, R. (eds) Phyto-Microbiome in Stress Regulation. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2576-6_9

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