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Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects

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Abstract

In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.

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Acknowledgments

B.G.E. was awarded scholarship by Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK-BİDEB). Leave Grant provided by Biotechnology Research Center, Central Institute of Field Crops Research (Turkey) is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Burcu Gündüz Ergün & Pınar Çalık

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Burcu Gündüz Ergün & Pınar Çalık

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Gündüz Ergün, B., Çalık, P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39, 1–36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6

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