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Plant-Microbe Interactions in Adaptation of Agricultural Crops to Abiotic Stress Conditions

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Probiotics and Plant Health

Abstract

Abiotic stresses are an increasing challenge to crop production all over the world. These stresses include high and low temperatures, salinity, flooding, drought, nutrient limitation, and toxic metals and organic pollutants. The costs associated with abiotic stresses are potentially enormous, indicating a need for sound, affordable, environmentally friendly approaches to decrease the adverse effects of these stresses on plants. Unlike animals, plants cannot use avoidance and escape as mechanisms of stress tolerance; consequently, their evolution is marked by the development of highly beneficial interactions with their more mobile companions, microbes. Some of these interactions involve highly sophisticated symbioses that confer stress tolerance, such as with mycorrhizae and rhizobia that help ameliorate nutritional and water deficiencies, while others are more transitory. The agricultural application of beneficial microorganisms is increasingly of widespread interest, with many research programs evaluating microbial strains for their ability to provide protection against a single stress, such as phosphate limitation and cross-protection against multiple stresses. Knowledge of the underlying physiological mechanisms by which diverse microbes mediate stress tolerance, including cross-protection, is critical to the effective use of these microbes to assure sustained agricultural production in changing environmental conditions. Here we provide an overview of current knowledge on the physiological impacts and modes of action of microbial mitigation of abiotic stress symptoms in plants. We indicate further research avenues to enable better use of the protection capabilities of root-colonizing beneficial microbes in agricultural production systems affected by a changing climate. As a complement to previous reviews summarizing the mechanisms of resistance to biotic stresses, this review will focus on the mechanisms underlying microbially mediated abiotic stress tolerance, especially tolerance conferred by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs).

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank the University of Tehran and Iowa State University for providing the necessary facilities for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Etesami

  2. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Gwyn A. Beattie

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  1. Hassan Etesami
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Correspondence to Hassan Etesami .

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  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vivek Kumar

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Manoj Kumar

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shivesh Sharma

  4. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Prasad

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Etesami, H., Beattie, G.A. (2017). Plant-Microbe Interactions in Adaptation of Agricultural Crops to Abiotic Stress Conditions. In: Kumar, V., Kumar, M., Sharma, S., Prasad, R. (eds) Probiotics and Plant Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3473-2_7

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