Abstract
Rapid intensification in agricultural production systems over the past few decades has affected the environment, leading to several consequences including poor soil health, pollution, and increased abiotic and biotic stress. The change in global climate with extreme weather conditions and erratic rains during the recent past has further aggravated the situation and imposed additional stress conditions that the plants have to encounter during their life cycle. Abiotic stresses, viz., drought, heat, and soil deterioration due to increasing soil acidity and salinity, and increasing metal toxicity in soil, affect plant growth and severely limit crop production. Several studies point to the beneficial microbes, especially plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which play a pivotal role in aiding the plants to overcome abiotic stresses and retain their productivity. Beneficial soil bacteria either live symbiotically with plants in the rhizosphere or as endophytes inside of the host plants. They aid in plant growth directly by secretion of phytohormone, enzymes, and biological nitrogen fixation, solubilizing minerals or mineralizing organic phosphate and producing organic matter such as amino acids. The PGPR may also confer plants with immunity against invading pathogens through induction of disease resistance mechanisms, promote favorable symbiosis, and remove/degrade xenobiotics from soil and minimize abiotic stresses. The basic mechanisms by which PGPR help plants to cope against abiotic stress include lowering ethylene levels, production and accumulation of compatible solutes such as proline and glycine betaine, and decreasing the production of ROS. Thus, the use of PGPR is suitable for ameliorating the environmental stress encountered by the crop plants and can be considered as an important component of sustainable agricultural practices.
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Acknowledgment
This book chapter was written as a part of research activity under the DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology (DBT-NECAB), Programme III, on “Prospecting microbes from acidic soil, studying their biology and interaction with crop plants.” The authors are grateful to Professor B. K. Sarmah (Director, DBT-NECAB, AAU, Jorhat) and Prof. M. K. Modi (Head, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, AAU, Jorhat) for their timely suggestion and encouragement. We also acknowledge Mr. Kuntal Kumar Dey, Distributed Information Centre (DIC), for proofreading the manuscript.
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Barooah, M., Goswami, G., Bora, S.S. (2021). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A New Perspective in Abiotic Stress Management of Crop Plants. In: Nath, M., Bhatt, D., Bhargava, P., Choudhary, D.K. (eds) Microbial Metatranscriptomics Belowground. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9758-9_31
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