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Technical Developments for Vegetable Waste Biomass Degradation by Thermophiles

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Biotechnology of Extremophiles:

Part of the book series: Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology ((GCBB,volume 1))

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Abstract

Environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas emission and fossil fuels depletion, have driven increasing technological and economical interest in the study of biorefining processes in order to convert organic waste materials (biomass) into bioethanol, biodiesel, building blocks (chemicals) and biomaterials. Vegetable waste biomass is produced continuously at global level by agro-industries, agriculture and forestry and according to its origin, it can be distinguished in three main groups i.e.: food wastes, crop residues and forestry/wood residues. Plant biomass and vegetable industrial wastes such as lignocellulosic biomass is object of great interest since it can be hydrolysed to have starch, (hemi)cellulose and lignin that in turn will be converted in value added chemicals and/or biofuels. Pre-treatment steps using physico-chemical or enzymatic processes, make the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels more expensive than the extraction of fossil fuels. This chapter underlines the capability of thermophiles and of their enzymes to bypass the problems and limits linked with the lignocellulosic biomass use. Studies concerning the exploitation of agro-waste as growth medium for the production of biotechnologically useful extremophilic microorganisms and their relative enzymes, the pre-treatment and digestion of lignocellulosic fractions in order to obtain mono- and oligosaccharides, the use of thermophilic enzymes in comparison to that of commercial, for a convenient set up of a total degrading process, the chemical procedures for the characterization of new compounds obtained from lignocellulosic materials, are also discussed. Moreover, the opportunity to employ thermophiles in the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into ethanol using only one step process, are also provided.

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Acknowledgment

This work was partially supported by the project PON03PE_00107_1 BioPoliS “Sviluppo di tecnologie verdi per la produzione di BIOchemicals per la sintesi e l’applicazione industriale di materiali POLImerici a partire da biomasse agricole ottenute da sistemi colturali Sostenibili nella Regione Campania”.

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  1. Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy

    Annarita Poli, Ilaria Finore, Annabella Tramice, Paola Di Donato, Barbara Nicolaus & Licia Lama

  2. Department of Sciences and Technologies, Centro Direzionale, University of Naples ‘Parthenope’, Naples, Italy

    Paola Di Donato

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  1. Annarita Poli
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  2. Ilaria Finore
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  3. Annabella Tramice
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  4. Paola Di Donato
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  5. Barbara Nicolaus
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  6. Licia Lama
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Correspondence to Barbara Nicolaus .

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  1. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Saint Barthélemy

    Pabulo H Rampelotto

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Annarita Poli, Ilaria Finore, Annabella Tramice, Paola Di Donato, Barbara Nicolaus, and Licia Lama declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Poli, A., Finore, I., Tramice, A., Di Donato, P., Nicolaus, B., Lama, L. (2016). Technical Developments for Vegetable Waste Biomass Degradation by Thermophiles. In: Rampelotto, P. (eds) Biotechnology of Extremophiles:. Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_19

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