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Use of Agroindustrial Biomass for Biofuel and Enzyme Discovery and Production

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Agricultural, Forestry and Bioindustry Biotechnology and Biodiscovery

Abstract

Biomass is all biologically produced matter and means a biological reservoir of energy. The list of biomass wastes is large, for example, agriculture, horticulture, forest residues, food processing, and municipal solid wastes, among others. Biomass is widely available; its use reduces the amount of wastes and the biofuels obtained from it are considered renewable energy. Crop cultivation activities (e.g., rice, banana, maize, and sugarcane) produce large quantities of agricultural wastes. These (lignocellulosic) materials are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, but the conversion of lignocellulose into reducing sugars is more difficult than the conversion of starch. Microorganisms play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and microbial decomposers have been isolated from raw materials as reported in many publications. These microbes secrete, among other enzymes, ligninases, hemicellulases, and cellulases, which hydrolyze the polymers present in the agroindustrial wastes. The search for microbes with good performance on lignocellulosic materials is expanding to other niches and currently many extremophiles are under characterization. Microbial enzymes are produced by different approaches: solid state fermentation, liquid submerged fermentation, or by genetic engineering of the lignocellulolytic microorganism or by heterologous expression in model microorganisms. Biological treatment of lignocellulose improves the efficiency of hydrolysis, and compared to other pretreatments, it does not require handling chemical substances. Other challenges to overcome in biofuel production are the presence of inhibitors, mainly furan derivatives, which are generated during physical and chemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Research is now focused on developing methods for detoxification and identification or the development of much more tolerant fermentative microbes. Current efforts are paying attention to the consolidation of processes for biofuel conversion in order to make them more efficient and economically feasible. This chapter reviews the state of the art for valorization of biomass to produce enzymes and biofuels.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) project 116886, Mexico. Scholarships granted by CONACyT-Mexico 589301 for Carreón-Anguiano K.G., 242995 for Canseco-Pérez M.A., and 886122 for Barahona-Cortés R., and the support by BioAli-CYTED are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Blondy Canto-Canché, Karla Gisel Carreón-Anguiano, Ricardo Barahona-Cortés, Miguel Ángel Canseco-Pérez & Bartolomé Chí-Manzanero

  2. Investigador Cátedra CONACyT, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-I, de México, Mexico

    Xenia Mena-Espino

  3. Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Miguel Tzec-Simá & Ignacio Islas-Flores

  4. Departamento de Ingeniería en Energías Renovables, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Motul, Carretera Mérida-Motul, Yucatán, Mexico

    Elda Isaura España-Gamboa

  5. Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Luis Felipe Barahona-Pérez, Raúl Tapia-Tussell & Liliana Alzate-Gaviria

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  1. Blondy Canto-Canché
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Correspondence to Blondy Canto-Canché .

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  1. ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), Guayaquil, Ecuador

    Pablo A. Chong

  2. Newman Consulting LLC, Wayne, PA, USA

    David J. Newman

  3. Vivetech Agrociências, Vitroplan Agrociências, Eldorado, SP, Brazil, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil

    Douglas A. Steinmacher

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Canto-Canché, B. et al. (2020). Use of Agroindustrial Biomass for Biofuel and Enzyme Discovery and Production. In: Chong, P., Newman, D., Steinmacher, D. (eds) Agricultural, Forestry and Bioindustry Biotechnology and Biodiscovery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51358-0_15

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