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Genetic Approaches for Iron and Zinc Biofortification and Arsenic Decrease in Oryza sativa L. Grains

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Abstract

Rice is the staple diet to half of the world’s population, being a major source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and some essential elements. However, rice naturally contains low amounts of essential minerals such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), which are drastically decreased after milling. Thus, populations that consume mostly rice may have micronutrient deficiency, which is associated with different diseases. On the other hand, rice irrigated by flooding has a high ability to accumulate arsenic (As) in the grain. Therefore, when rice is grown in areas with contaminated soil or irrigation water, it represents a risk factor for consumers, since As is associated with cancer and other diseases. Different strategies have been used to mitigate micronutrient deficiencies such as Fe and Zn and to prevent As from entering the food chain. Each strategy has its positive and its negative sides. The development of genetically biofortified rice plants with Fe and Zn and with low As accumulation is one of the most promising strategies, since it does not represent an additional cost for farmers, and gives benefits to consumers as well. Considering the importance of genetic improvement (traditional or molecular) to decrease the impact of micronutrient deficiencies such as Fe and Zn and contamination with As, this review aimed to summarize the major efforts, advances, and challenges for genetic biofortification of Fe and Zn and decrease in As content in rice grains.

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Funding

The fellowships were supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) grant no. 001 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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  1. Centro de Genômica E Fitomelhoramento, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil

    Vívian Ebeling Viana, Latóia Eduarda Maltzahn, Antonio Costa de Oliveira & Camila Pegoraro

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  1. Vívian Ebeling Viana
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  2. Latóia Eduarda Maltzahn
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  3. Antonio Costa de Oliveira
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  4. Camila Pegoraro
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Correspondence to Camila Pegoraro.

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Viana, V.E., Maltzahn, L.E., Costa de Oliveira, A. et al. Genetic Approaches for Iron and Zinc Biofortification and Arsenic Decrease in Oryza sativa L. Grains. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 4505–4523 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03018-0

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