Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination poses a major threat to the sustainable production of wheat by disrupting its cellular structure, ionome, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to identify As-tolerant wheat cultivars with a better ability to thrive in As-contaminated soil. For this purpose, two cultivars (SKD-1 and Borlaug-16) were exposed to As treatment (25 mg/L) for 21 days in a pot experiment and studied for morpho-physiological variations and ionomic profiling (using ICP-OES). The study revealed that Borlaug-16 accumulated more As in roots (0.21 µg/mL) than SKD-1 (0.15 µg/mL) and showed higher root-to-leaf translocation under As stress. The concentrations of trace elements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Zn) in Borlaug-16 increased by 143%, 853%, 75%, 300%, 200%, and 168%, respectively, whereas those of mineral elements (Fe, K, Mg, and P) increased by 160%, 729%, 274%, and 397%, respectively, compared to SKD-1 under As stress. In addition, SKD-1 leaves showed higher cellular thickness in the upper and lower epidermis (Ep), whereas roots showed lower cellular thickness in Ep. SKD-1 showed a 23.69% decrease in root H2O2, whereas Borlaug-16 showed a 12.1% increase. Additionally, the Borlaug-16 leaf H2O2 content exhibited a significant increase of 68.94%. SKD-1 exhibited increased antioxidant activity in both roots (SOD, Ascorbate, Glutathione) and leaves (Ascorbate Proline, TAC). Thus, the SKD-1 cultivar was found to be tolerant to As toxicity by restricting As translocation and stimulating defense mechanisms. Such cultivars have the potential to provide safer grains for consumption and ensure sustainable production of wheat.
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We are highly appreciative of the support, guidance, and efforts Dr. Umar Masood Quraishi (Our Supervisor) has put into the research work. We also extend gratitude to Dr. Kashif and Dr. Munib for helping us with the ICP-OES analysis. We also express our gratitude to friends and colleagues who helped us during the research work.
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Anas, M., Saeed, M., Naeem, K. et al. Anatomical and Ionomics Investigation of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Decipher Tolerance Mechanisms Under Arsenic Stress. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11332-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11332-9