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Recent progress of two-dimensional metal-base catalysts in urea oxidation reaction

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Abstract

Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an auxiliary water electrolysis hydrogen production technology developed in recent years to replace oxygen evolution reaction and reduce energy consumption, which can produce hydrogen more efficiently by low theoretical potential, reduce the average cost of electrochemical hydrogen production, and is a frontier research hotspot for renewable hydrogen energy. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials as electrocatalysts have many favorable potential, such as it can effectively reduce the resistivity of materials and increase the specific surface area with certainty. This paper reviews the application of 2D materials in UOR in alkaline electrolytes. And a cross-sectional comparison of various material performance data including overpotential, Tafel slope, electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) and i-t stability test was conducted, which could illustrate the differences between materials composed of different elements. In addition, the main challenges hindering the progress of research on 2D materials in urea electrocatalysis processes and promising materials in this field in future are summarized and prospected. It is believed that this review will contribute to designing and analyzing high-performance 2D urea electrocatalysts for water splitting.

Graphical abstract

摘要

尿素氧化反应( UOR)是近年来发展起来的替代析氧反应、降低能耗的辅助电解水制氢技术, 可通过较低的理论电位更高效地制取氢气, 降低电化学制氢的平均成本, 是可再生氢能源的前沿研究热点。二维( 2D)纳米材料作为电催化剂的应用具有许多有利的潜力, 如它可以有效地降低材料的电阻率, 并有确定性地增加比表面积。本文综述了2D材料在碱性电解液中UOR中的应用。并对包括过电位、Tafel斜率、电化学活性表面积( ECSA)和稳定性测试在内的各种材料性能数据进行了横向比较, 以说明不同元素组成的材料之间的差异。此外, 总结了阻碍二维材料在尿素电催化过程中研究进展的主要挑战以及展望了未来该领域中具有前景的材料。相信本综述将有助于设计和分析用于水分解的高性能2D尿素电催化剂。

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Fig. 1
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Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. d P-mAuRh film and lattice fringes in square area; e LSV curves of P-mAuRh/NF and contrasts in 1 mol·L−1 KOH solution with 0.33 mol·L−1 urea; f i-t test at 100 mA·cm−2. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. d Schematic diagram of NiFe NCs/GO; e i-t stability test obtained CV curves of initial and after 2000 cycles. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2019, The Royal Society of Chemistry. d LSV curves with or without Co2+ contains; e HRTEM image of WM-Ni0.99Co0.01(OH)2; f synthesis steps of Co doping defect engineering. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2023, WILEY

Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [71]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. Partial DOS of e initial Ni(OH)2 and g F-doped Ni(OH)2 monolayers; f LSV curves of F-Ni(OH)2 and its contrast samples; h polarization of F-Ni(OH)2||RuCo-OH in 1 mol·L−1 KOH with or without 0.33 mol·L−1 urea. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [72]. Copyright 2021, Wiley

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [76]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. d DFT calculation of CO2 desorption steps for NiFe-LDH and NiFeO-LDH; e LSV curves. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [81]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. f Schematic model of NiOOH (LDH/α-FeOOH); g Ni L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); h Ni K-edge EXAFS of oscillations for NiOOH (LDH/α-FeOOH) and its contrast; i LSV curves. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [82]. Copyright 2023, Wiley

Fig. 10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [84]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. DFT calculation of d CO2 desorption steps for Ni3S2 and NiOOH; e two steps of NH3 desorption in UDR and CO2 desorption in UOR; in-situ f Raman spectroscopy and g FTIR spectroscopy. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [81]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. h UDR reaction steps and i corresponding LSV curves; j chronopotentiometry (CP) test. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [85]. Copyright 2023, Royal society of chemistry

Fig. 11

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [86]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. d Calculated band structures and DOS of NiTe2 and NiTe; e CO2 adsorption on HO-NiTe2 (011) and HO-NiTe (101) surface; f LSV curves of NiSe2/NF in 1 mol·L−1 KOH with or not 0.33 mol·L−1 urea. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [87]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. g Model of crystal structure in adsorption of H2O; h DOS of M-Co-NiOOH; i UOR polarization curves. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [88]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier

Fig. 12

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [89]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. e Reaction steps of urea in 1 mol·L−1 KOH on surface of Ni2P and β-Ni(OH)2; f comparison of electrocatalytic UOR activity between Ni2P and other once-reported catalysts; g electrochemical activity in UOR and OER. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [90]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. h Schematic diagram of MoO2-MoO3/Ni2P/NF; i SEM image of MoO2-MoO3/Ni2P/NF; j polarization and k Tafel slope curves of MoO2-MoO3/Ni2P/NF and its comparative catalysts. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [91]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier

Fig. 13

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [93]. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. d Synthesis scheme of NiIr-MOF; e SEM image; f LSV curves of NiIr-MOF and its contrast samples in 1 mol·L−1 KOH with 0.5 mol·L−1 urea. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [100]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. g Synthesis scheme of Co8FeS8@CoFe-MOF/NF and CoFe-MOF/NF; h LSV curves of Co8FeS8@CoFe-MOF/NF in 1 mol·L−1 KOH with or without 0.33 mol·L−1 urea; i stability test of Co8FeS8@CoFe–MOF/NF. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFB1713500), the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province (No. 221100230200), Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province (No. 23IRTSTHN009), the Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province (Nos. 232102241034 and 222102240074), the Natural Science Foundation of Suzhou University of Science and Technology (No. XKQ2020002), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (No. 22KJB530009).

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  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China

    Qi-Xiang Huang, Yong Liu & Feng-Zhang Ren

  2. School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China

    Fang Wang, Bi-Ying Zhang, Fang-Ya Guo, Zhong-Qiu Jia, Hao Wang & Tian-Xiang Yang

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Ting-Feng Yi

  4. School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China

    Hai-Tao Wu

  5. Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Materials for Solar Energy Conversion and Lithium Sodium Based Battery, Luoyang, 471023, China

    Fang Wang

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Huang, QX., Wang, F., Liu, Y. et al. Recent progress of two-dimensional metal-base catalysts in urea oxidation reaction. Rare Met. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02668-y

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