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Molecular Breeding Strategies of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. conditiva Alefeld)

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

Abstract

Beetroot, table beet, red beet or garden beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. conditiva Alefeld) is a cross-pollinated crop that belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae. It is one of the most essential and economical cultivated vegetables. Globally, beetroot is used for food products, pickles, salads and juice rather than for sugar production. Also, edible sugar can be extracted from the root. Gene banks have conserved a wide variety of genetic resources from beetroot including wild species. There are several species with various chromosome numbers. Beta harbors significant diversity based on geographic regions and morphological features. Introgression of novel alleles by crossing different genetic resources for the beetroot e.g. crossing common varieties with locally developed varieties increases genetic diversity and pre-selects for useful traits. It is necessary to ensure ample natural variation in phenotypes. The key goals of breeders and geneticists are to improve beetroot for different desirable traits including tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, quality and yield characteristics. Applying modern genetic tools to improve conventional breeding programs can further the achievement of these goals. This chapter provides an overview and limitations of the beetroot germplasm biodiversity and conservation, objectives and stages of beetroot breeding programs and conventional breeding methods. Additionally, it addresses modern methods of plant breeding, including marker-assisted breeding and genetic engineering.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Breeding and Genetics, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

    Farrag F. B. Abu-Ellail

  2. Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt

    Khaled F. M. Salem

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Shaqra University, Qwaieah, Saudi Arabia

    Khaled F. M. Salem

  4. Department of Genetic Resources, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria

    Maysoun M. Saleh

  5. Department Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria

    Lina M. Alnaddaf

  6. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

Authors
  1. Farrag F. B. Abu-Ellail
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  2. Khaled F. M. Salem
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  3. Maysoun M. Saleh
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  4. Lina M. Alnaddaf
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  5. Jameel M. Al-Khayri
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farrag F. B. Abu-Ellail .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: List of Major Institutes Engaged in Research on Beetroot (Beta vulgaris )

Country

Institution name

Website

UK

British Beet Research Organization (BBRO)

http://bbro.co.uk

USA

Oregon State University (OSU)

https://oregonstate.edu/

Germany

Institute of Sugar Beet Research (IFZ)

https://www.ifz-goettingen.de

China

Hunan Agricultural University (HAU)

https://www.scau.edu.cn/

Finland

The University of Helsinki (UH)

https://www.helsinki.fi/en

India

Tamil Nadu Agriculture University (TNAU)

http://www.tnau.ac.in

Nigeria

National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)

https://nrcri.gov.ng

Egypt

Horticulture Research Institute (HRI)

http://www.arc.sci.eg

China

Southwest Agricultural University (SWAU)

http://www.swu.edu.cn/

Egypt

Agricultural Research Center (ARC)

http://www.arc.sci.eg

New Zealand

Massey University (MU)

https://www.massey.ac.nz

France

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

https://www.inrae.fr/en

Japan

National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS)

http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/english/laboratory/nias/

Germany

International Institute of Sugar Beet Research (IIRB)

https://www.iirb.org

Turkey

Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute (ACHRI)

https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/yalovabahce

Turkey

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture (EGE)

https://agr.ege.edu.tr/eng-1082/welcome.html

1.2 Appendix II: World List of Recommended Varieties of Beetroot

Country

Recommended beetroot varieties

Egypt

Egyptian Crosby, Egyptian Flat, Red Local and Detroit Dark Red

Russia

Egyptian Flat, Red Ball, Cylinder, Bordeaux 237, Detroit Dark Red, Borshchevaya, Russian Odnosemyanaya, Nezhnosty, Lyubava Marishka, Fortuna, Demetra, Bordovaya, VNIIO and Gaspadinya

USA

Red Ace, Detroit Dark Red, Early Wonder Tall Top, Bull’s Blood, Cylindra, Forno, Ruby Queen, Golden, Bastian’s, Crosby’s, Red Castelnaudary and Touchstone Gold SL2121

India

Ooty 1, Crimson Globe, Detroit Dark Red, Imperator and Red Ball

Austria

Gyptische Plattrunde, Bolivar, Forono, Mona Lisa, Moronia, Redval and Robuschka.

Germany

Boltardy, Chiogga, Kestrel, Cylindra, Pablo, Red ace, Blankoma and Globe 2

South Africa

Crimson Globe, Detroit Dark Red, Star 1105, Merlin, Globe Dark Red, Osprey and Early Wonder

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Abu-Ellail, F.F.B., Salem, K.F.M., Saleh, M.M., Alnaddaf, L.M., Al-Khayri, J.M. (2021). Molecular Breeding Strategies of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. conditiva Alefeld). In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66965-2_4

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