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Molecular Markers: Potential Facilitators in Plant Breeding and Germplasm Conservation

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Food Security and Safety

Abstract

Plant breeding through conventional methods with classical markers (morphological, cytological, and biochemical) has substantially contributed to crop productivity and germplasm conservation for sustenance of food security, but integration of molecular markers has potentially revolutionized plant breeding. Molecular markers, genes or DNA sequences controlling traits within chromosomal locations, when fully deployed in plant breeding including underutilized crops, will facilitate identification of novel traits that are phenotypically associated with expressed characters for high yields, early maturity, wide genetic base, resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors in under-utilized crops even at the seedling stage. Molecular markers are more sensitive, reliable, accurate, reproducible and devoid of environmental interferences unlike morphological traits. Some gel-based microsatellite/minisatellite markers and non-gel-based markers that require sequencing and high-throughput genotyping approaches are widely applicable in breeding programmes to assuage the bottlenecks in conventional agriculture and to enhance rapid selection of agronomically significant traits. Utilization of these markers has recorded tremendous breeding progress in many well-known crops but not fully in orphan crops. Parental or varietal genepools with traits of interest can be harnessed through these informative molecular markers and strategically implementing them in underutilized crops will accelerate identification and association of useful traits for breeding, germplasm conservation and food security.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

    David Okeh Igwe

  2. Section of Plant Pathology & Plant- Microbe Biology at Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    David Okeh Igwe

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  1. Food Security and Safety Niche, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa

    Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

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Igwe, D.O. (2021). Molecular Markers: Potential Facilitators in Plant Breeding and Germplasm Conservation. In: Babalola, O.O. (eds) Food Security and Safety . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50672-8_31

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