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Research Progress Concerning Fungal and Bacterial β-Xylosidases

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Abstract

In the present review, we briefly summarize the biotechnological applications of microbial β-xylosidases in the processing of agro-industrial residues into fuels and chemicals and report the importance of using immobilization techniques to study the enzyme. The advantages of utilizing genes that encode β-xylosidases are readily apparent in the bioconversion of abundant, inexpensive, and renewable resources into economically important products, such as xylitol and bioethanol. We highlight recent research characterizing fungal and bacterial β-xylosidases, including the use of classical biochemical methods such as purification, heterologous recombinant protein expression, and metagenomic approaches to discovery β-xylosidases, with focus on enzyme molecular and kinetic properties. In addition, we discuss the relevance of using experimental design optimization methodologies to increase the efficacy of these enzymes for use with residual biomass. Finally, we emphasize more extensively the advances in the regulatory mechanisms governing β-xylosidase gene expression and xylose metabolism in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Unlike previous reviews, this revision covers recent research concerning the various features of bacterial and fungal β-xylosidases with a greater emphasis on their biochemical characteristics and how the genes that encode these enzymes can be better exploited to obtain products of biotechnological interest via the application of different technical approaches.

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Abbreviations

pNPX:

p-Nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside

oNPX:

o-Nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside

pNPG:

p-Nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside

pNPA:

p-Nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinopyranoside

pNPAf :

p-Nitrophenyl-α-d-arabinopyranoside

SSF:

Solid-state fermentation

SmF:

Submerged fermentation

SiSF:

Simultaneous saccharification fermentation

CCR:

Carbon catabolic repression

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Acknowledgments

R.C.G. Simão was partially supported by grants from the Araucaria Foundation (process 630/2014). A. Bosetto and L. Graciano were Coordination fellows of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). E.L. Santos was a fellow of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). P.I. Justo is a professional funded by Diagnostics of America SA (DASA). S.S. Venzon is a professional funded by the Federal Technological University of Paraná.

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  1. Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, Paraná, 85814-110, Brazil

    Adilson Bosetto, Bruna Zanardi, Simoni Spohr Venzon & Luciana Graciano

  2. Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, Paraná, 85814-110, Brazil

    Priscila Innocenti Justo, Elaine Luzia dos Santos & Rita de Cássia Garcia Simão

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  1. Adilson Bosetto
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Bosetto, A., Justo, P.I., Zanardi, B. et al. Research Progress Concerning Fungal and Bacterial β-Xylosidases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 178, 766–795 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1908-4

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