Abstract
Key message
Simultaneous improvement for GY and GPC by using GWAS and GBLUP suggested a significant application in durum wheat breeding.
Abstract
Despite the importance of grain protein concentration (GPC) in determining wheat quality, its negative correlation with grain yield (GY) is still one of the major challenges for breeders. Here, a durum wheat panel of 200 genotypes was evaluated for GY, GPC, and their derived indices (GPD and GYD), under eight different agronomic conditions. The plant material was genotyped with the Illumina 25 k iSelect array, and a genome-wide association study was performed. Two statistical models revealed dozens of marker-trait associations (MTAs), each explaining up to 30%. phenotypic variance. Two markers on chromosomes 2A and 6B were consistently identified by both models and were found to be significantly associated with GY and GPC. MTAs identified for phenological traits co-mapped to well-known genes (i.e., Ppd-1, Vrn-1). The significance values (p-values) that measure the strength of the association of each single nucleotide polymorphism marker with the target traits were used to perform genomic prediction by using a weighted genomic best linear unbiased prediction model. The trained models were ultimately used to predict the agronomic performances of an independent durum wheat panel, confirming the utility of genomic prediction, although environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds may still be a challenge to overcome. The results generated through our study confirmed the utility of GPD and GYD to mitigate the inverse GY and GPC relationship in wheat, provided novel markers for marker-assisted selection and opened new ways to develop cultivars through genomic prediction approaches.
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Data availability
The genotyping data related to the whole dataset can be downloaded using the link https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22132796.v1.
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Acknowledgements
This study was carried out within the Agritech National Research Center and received funding from the European Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR) – MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4 – D.D. 1032 17/06/2022, CN00000022). This manuscript reflects only the authors’ views and opinions, neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them. We gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance for conducting field trials at CREA-CI of Vito De Gregorio, Aniello Padalino, Alfredo Morcone, Antonio Bruno and Antonio Gallo.
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This research was funded by the Ministry of Economic Development (MISE) and the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research (MIUR) within the project ‘INNOGRANO’ (N.F/050393/00/X32).
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P.D.V. conceived the work, coordinated and supervised the activities; I.P. and V.N. increased seed stocks and performed the phenotypic analyses; S.E. and P.D.V. wrote the manuscript with the help of P.V.; S.S., N.D.A, F.T. and M.R. S.S and P.V organized the dataset and performed the preliminary analyses; S.E., performed association study, bioinformatic analyses and data visualization; P.V. performed all genomic predictions; S.E. and F.T identified candidate genes; All authors critically revised and approved the final manuscript.
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Esposito, S., Vitale, P., Taranto, F. et al. Simultaneous improvement of grain yield and grain protein concentration in durum wheat by using association tests and weighted GBLUP. Theor Appl Genet 136, 242 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04487-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04487-8