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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry-Based Microbial Identification

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Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology

Abstract

Rapid and accurate species identification of bacteria, fungi, and viruses is a fundamental requirement in clinical and food microbiology and other fields of microbiology diagnostics. Whereas virus recognition is usually achieved within hours by either serological tests or genotyping approaches using various nucleic acid detection systems, the conventional identification of bacteria and fungi still mainly relies on methods that include laborious and time-consuming initial cultivation and ensuing isolation of the microorganism. This approach is therefore dependent on the generation time (growth) of the particular microorganism, resulting in assay durations of 16–24 h minimum, e.g., in the case of Enterobacteriaceae or other fast-growing prokaryotes, and up to several weeks in the case of slow-growing mycobacteria and some fungi. Though species identification of a pure culture is achievable within 24–48 h with various (semi-)automated systems, additional isolation steps are frequently necessary, which can extend the time until diagnosis by days, e.g., if the potential pathogen must be separated from the physiological background flora. Realistically species assignment of a putative pathogen from a nonsterile specimen takes at least 2–3 days. In many areas of patient care, elapsed time until diagnosis may considerably reduce the therapeutic quality of care due to a lack of information about the infecting pathogen. Therefore, a rapid species diagnosis is of high priority as a focused therapy might be lifesaving for the patient [1, 2]. Similarly, a timely diagnosis is imperative for surveillance studies or screenings with particular demands during outbreak situations of foodborne pathogens or preadmission screening to detect multiresistant bacteria in the hospital setting [3, 4]. Both species identification and resistance testing are of equal importance; however, this chapter focuses primarily on species identification.

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  1. Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Alexander Mellmann M.D. & Johannes Müthing

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  1. Alexander Mellmann M.D.
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  2. Johannes Müthing
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Correspondence to Alexander Mellmann M.D. .

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  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, 10065, New York, USA

    Yi-Wei Tang

  2. Vanderbilt Clinic, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 22nd Avenue 1301, Nashville, 37232-5310, Tennessee, USA

    Charles W. Stratton

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Mellmann, A., Müthing, J. (2013). MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry-Based Microbial Identification. In: Tang, YW., Stratton, C. (eds) Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3970-7_10

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