Abstract
Marine macroalgae have a very high carbohydrate content due to complex algal polysaccharides (APS) like agar, alginate, and ulvan in their cell wall. Despite numerous reports on their biomedical properties, their hydrocolloid nature limits their applications. Algal oligosaccharides (AOS), which are hydrolyzed forms of complex APS, are gaining importance due to their low molecular weight, biocompatibility, bioactivities, safety, and solubility in water that makes it a lucrative alternative. The AOS produced through enzymatic hydrolysis using microbial enzymes have far-reaching applications because of its stereospecific nature. Identification and characterization of novel microorganisms producing APS hydrolyzing enzymes are the major bottlenecks for the efficient production of AOS. This review will discuss the marine microbial enzymes identified for AOS production and the bioactive potential of enzymatically produced AOS. This can improve our understanding of the biotechnological potential of microbial enzymes for the production of AOS and facilitate the sustainable utilization of algal biomass. Enzymatically produced AOS are shown to have bioactivities such as antioxidant, antiglycemic, prebiotic, immunomodulation, antiobesity or antihypercholesterolemia, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. The myriad of health benefits provided by the AOS is the need of the hour as there is an alarming increase in physiological disorders among a wide range of the global population.
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Abbreviations
- APS:
-
Algal polysaccharides
- AOS:
-
Algal oligosaccharides
- OS:
-
Oligosaccharides
- GH:
-
Glycoside hydrolases
- AO:
-
Agaro oligosaccharide
- NAO:
-
Neo agaro oligosaccharide
- NCO:
-
Neo carrageenan oligosaccharide
- PO:
-
Porphyran oligosaccharide
- ALO:
-
Alginate oligosaccharide
- FO:
-
Fucoidan oligosaccharide
- LO:
-
Laminarin oligosaccharide
- UO:
-
Ulvan oligosaccharide
- EC:
-
Enzyme Commission
- PL:
-
Polysaccharide lyase
- DP:
-
Degree of polymerization
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Ashok S. Jagtap received Senior Research Fellowship, grant number 31/026/(0300)/2017-EMR-I from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. N. P. Vijay Sankar (82–44/2020(SA-III)) and Rehnuma I. Ghori (191620064838) also received research fellowship from University Grants Commission, India.
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Ashok S. Jagtap (ORCID 0000–0003-4089–4718) made substantial contributions to the design of the work and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. N. P. Vijay Sankar (ORCID 0000–0001-7882–4593) and Rehnuma I. Ghori (ORCID 0000–0003-1560–0001) performed the literature search, and Cathrine S. Manohar (ORCID 0000–0003-0178–7784) contributed to the study conception and critically revised the work. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Jagtap, A.S., Sankar, N.P.V., Ghori, R.I. et al. Marine microbial enzymes for the production of algal oligosaccharides and its bioactive potential for application as nutritional supplements. Folia Microbiol 67, 175–191 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-021-00943-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-021-00943-4