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Recent advances in silicate-based crystalline bioceramics for orthopedic applications: a review

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Abstract

The present article critically reviewed the potentiality of Mg–Ca silicate-based crystalline bioceramics such as MgSiO3, Mg2SiO4, CaSiO3, Ca2SiO4, Ca3SiO5, CaMgSi2O6, Ca2MgSi2O7, Ca7MgSi4O16, CaMgSiO4 and Ca3MgSi2O8 as new generation orthopedic prosthetic implants. Mg2+, Ca2+ and Si4+ ions are abundant in bone and play a crucial role in various bone metabolic activities such as enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoporosis. The release rate of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Si4+ ions from these bioceramics depends on the crystal structure which consequently, influences their bioactivity and biocompatibility. In addition, the release rate of these ions can be tuned by tailoring the processing parameters/routes and compositional modifications and subsequently, bioactivity, cellular response as well as bone regeneration ability can be improved. Toward this end, the present article thoroughly reviewed and analyzed the influence of crystal structure, processing parameters/routes and compositional alteration on in vitro/in vivo biocompatibility and degradation behavior of the above ceramics. Further, a correlation between structure, processing and properties has been established.

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Reproduced with permission from reference [21]. Copyright [2017, American chemical society]

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Reproduced with permission from reference [124]. Copyright [2015, Elsevier]

Figure 5

Reproduced with permission from reference [19]. Copyright [2019, Springer Publishing Company]. j Implantation of Zn doped Mg2SiO4 ceramic does not cause any toxic effect to the three major organs (such as heart, kidney and lever) of rabbit model up to 90 days [34, 35]. Reproduced with permission from reference [34]. Copyright [2018, American Chemical Society]. Reproduced with permission from reference [35]. Copyright [2018, American Chemical Society.]

Figure 6

Reproduced with permission from reference [145]. Copyright [2006, Elsevier]

Figure 7

Reproduced with permission from reference [18]. Copyright [2020, John Wiley and Sons]

Figure 8

Reproduced with permission from reference [43]. Copyright [2013, Royal Society of Chemistry]

Figure 9

Reproduced with permission from reference [260]. Copyright [2008, Elsevier]

Figure 10
Figure 11

Reproduced with permission from reference [123]. Copyright [2009, Elsevier]. Histological images representing the neo bone formation area on akermanite (A1, A2) and β-TCP (B1, B2), implanted in calvarial defect area for 8 weeks. (C1), (D1) and (E1) represent the neo bone area, vessel area as well as residual material area of akermanite and β-TCP ceramics. Reproduced with permission from reference [331]. Copyright [2016, Springer Nature]

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Acknowledgements

The financial support from CST, UP, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, and SERB, DST, Govt. of India, is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Priya Singh & Ashutosh Kumar Dubey

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA

    Xiaojun Yu

  3. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA

    Alok Kumar

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Singh, P., Yu, X., Kumar, A. et al. Recent advances in silicate-based crystalline bioceramics for orthopedic applications: a review. J Mater Sci 57, 13109–13151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07444-w

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