Abstract
Natural and synthetic hybrid molecules are an attractive scaffold for therapeutic agent development due to their dual/multiple modes of action, minimum or no side effects, favorable pharmacokinetics and other advantages. Coumarin-fused/linked heterocycles are important classes of natural products affording intriguing array of pharmacological activities, which make them ideal for building effective biological scaffolds for medicinal research. Given their promising medicinal applications, an extraordinarily large emphasis is placed on the design of efficient and greener synthetic procedures. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are an important tool to expedite the tailoring of a vast number of organic molecules. In recent years, MCRs have simplified access to diverse coumarin heterocycles through molecular hybridization. This review highlights the broad range of science that has arisen from the multicomponent synthesis of coumarin-fused/ linked templates bearing heterocycle ring/s either fused or linked to positions 3 or 4 of the pyran ring or the phenyl ring. The review facilitates a better understanding of the role of homogenous or heterogeneous catalyst, inert support and substituents, on the reaction parameters, stereo-/chemo-/regioselectivity of the product. The effect of catalyst functionalization on the number and types of catalytic sites (acidic or basic), stability of the catalyst and synergic catalysis are also discussed. The role of some selected catalysts in the reactions is depicted through reaction mechanisms, to further advance the understanding of the catalytic role. The reports between 2017 and 2022 are analyzed succinctly in this review. Some perspectives for the future, focusing on relevant synthetic strategies are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Multicomponent strategies for synthesis of linked and fused coumarin heterocycles are explored
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the Principal, Sri Venkateswara College and Principal, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, India for the library resources and technical support provided.
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Pasricha, S., Mittal, K., Gahlot, P. et al. Multicomponent synthetic strategies and perspectives for synthesis of linked or fused coumarin heterocycles. J IRAN CHEM SOC 19, 4035–4092 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02603-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02603-x