Skip to main content

Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter

Abstract

Organic matter (OM) in water is composed of two major fractions: dissolved and non-dissolved, defined on the basis of the isolation technique using filters (0.1–0.7 μm). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the fraction of organic substances that passes the filter, while particulate organic matter (POM) remains on the filter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbt-Braun G, Frimmel FH (1990) Restmetallgehalte isolierter Huminstoffe aus Erde, Moor und Deponie. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 18:649–656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abbt-Braun G, Frimmel FH, Lipp P (1991) Isolation of organic substances from aquatic and terrestial systems—Comparison of some methods. Z Wasser Abwasser Forsch 24:285–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Abe T, Watanabe A (2004) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen functional groups in soil humic acids. Soil Sci 169:35–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abril G, Etcheber H, Borges AV, Frankignoulle M (2000) Excess atmospheric crbon dioxide transported by rivers into the Scheldt Estuary. Comptes Rendus l’Académie des Sciences Série IIa 330:761–768

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abril G, Nogueira M, Etcheber H, Cabeçadas G, Lemaire E, Brogueira MJ (2002) Behaviour of organic carbon in nine contrasting European estuaries. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 54:241–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahel M, Conrad T, Giger W (1987) Persistent organic chemicals in sewage effluents. 3. Determination of nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Environ Sci Technol 21:697–703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aiken GR, Gillam AH (1989) Determination of molecular weights of humic substances by ultracentrifugation. In: Hayes MB, MacCarthy P, Malcolm RL (eds) Humic substances II. In search of structure. Wiley, New York, pp 515–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiken GR, Malcolm RL (1987) Molecular weight of aquatic fulvic acids by vapor pressure osmometry. Geochem Cosmochim Acta 51:2177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aiken GR, McKnight DM, Wershal RL, MacCarthy P (1985) Humic substances in soil, sediment and water. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitkenhead JA, McDowell WH (2000) Soil C:N ratios as a predictor of annual riverine DOC flux at local and global scales. Global Biogeochem Cycles 14:127–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aitkenhead JA, Hope D, Billett MF (1999) The relationship between dissolved organic carbon in stream water and soil organic carbon pools at different spatial scales. Hydrol Process 13:1289–1302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alberts JJ, Takács M (1999) Importance of humic substances for carbon and nitrogen transport into southeastern United States estuaries. Org Geochem 30:385–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alberts JJ, Giesy JP, Evans DW (1984) Distribution of dissolved organic carbon and metal-binding capacity among ultrafilterable fractions isolated from selected surface waters of the southeastern United States. Environ Geol Water Sci 6:91–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allard B, Arsenie I (1991) Abiotic reduction of mercury by humic substances in aquatic system—an important process for the mercury cycle. Water Air Soil Pollut 56:457–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allard B, Borén H, Pattersson C, Zhang G (1994) Degradation of humic substances by UV irradiation. Environ Int 20:97–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aller RC, Blair NE (2006) Carbon remineralization in the Amazon-Guianas tropical mobile mudbelt: a sedimentary incinerator. Cont Shelf Res 26:2241–2259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aluwihare LI, Repeta DJ, Chen RF (2002) Chemical composition and cycling of dissolved organic matter in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr 49:4421–4437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amado AM, Cotner JB, Suhett AL, de Assis Esteves F, Reinaldo Luiz Bozelli RL, Farjalla VF (2007) Contrasting interactions mediate dissolved organic matter decomposition in tropical aquatic ecosystems. Aquat Microb Ecol 49:25–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amador JA, Alexander M, Zika RG (1989) Sequential photochemical and microbial degradation of organic molecules bound to humic acid. App Environ Microb 55:2843–2849

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amon RMW, Benner R (1994) Rapid cycling of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Nature 369:549–552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amon RMW, Benner R (1996) Bacterial utilization of different size classes of dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 41:41–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amy GL, Collins MR, Kuo CJ, King PH (1987) Comparing gelpermeation chromatography and ultrafiltration for the molecularweight characterization of aquatic organic-matter. J Am Water Works Assoc 79:43–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anawar HM, Akai J, Mostofa KMG, Safiullah S, Tareq SM (2002) Arsenic Poisoning in groundwater: health risk and geochemical sources in Bangladesh. Environ Int 27:597–604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen ME, Butenhoff JL, Chang SC, Farrar DG, Kennedy GL Jr, Lau C, Olsen GW, Seed J, Wallace KB (2008) Perfluoroalkyl acids and related chemistries—Toxicokinetics and modes of action. Toxicol Sci 102:3–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson TF, Arthur MA (1983) Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon and their application to sedimentologic and paleoenvironmental problems. In: Arthur MA, Anderson TF, Kaplan IR, Veizer J, Land LS (eds) Stable isotopes in sedimentary geology. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, pp 1–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson TR, Williams PJleB (1998) Modelling the seasonal cycle of dissolved organic carbon at station E1 in the English Channel. Estuar Coastal Shelf Sci 46:93–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson SP, Dietrich WE, Torres R, Montgomery DR, Loague K (1997) Concentration-discharge relationships in runoff from a steep, unchanneled catchment. Water Resour Res 33:211–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • André C, Choppin GR (2000) Reduction of Pu(V) by humic acid. Radiochim Acta 88:613–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Annual Report 2004 (2005) Monitoring and research in Lake Kinneret Yigal Allon Kinneret. Limnological Laboratory IOLR report T7/2005, pp 75–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Aoki S, Fuse Y, Yamada E (2004) Determinations of humic substances and other dissolved organic matter and their effects on the increase of COD in Lake Biwa. Anal Sci 20:159–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aoki S, Ohara S, Kimura K, Mizuguchi H, Fuse Y, Yamada E (2008) Characterization of fluorophores released from three kinds of lake phytoplankton using gel chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Anal Sci 24:1461–1467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Artinger R, Buckau G, Geyer S, Fritz P, Wolf M, Kim JI (2000) Characterization of groundwater humic substances: influence of sedimentary organic carbon. Appl Geochem 15:97–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arts MT, Robarts RD, Kasai F, Waiser MJ, Tumber VP, Plante AJ, Rai H, De Lange HJ (2000) The attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in high dissolved organic carbon waters of wetlands and lakes on the northern Great Plains. Limnol Oceanogr 45:292–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ascenzo GD, Di Corcia a, Gentili A, Mancini R, Mastropasqua R, Nazzari M, Samperi R (2003) Fate of natural estrogen conjugates in municipal sewerage transport and treatment facilities. Sci Total Environ 302:199–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auriol M, Filali-Meknassi Y, Tyagi RD, Adams CD, Surampalli RY (2006) Endocrine disrupting compounds removal from wastewater, a new challenge. Process Biochem 41:525–539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avery GB, Kieber RJ, Witt M, Willey JD (2006) Rainwater monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acid concentrations in southeastern North Carolina, USA as a function of air mass back trajectory. Atmos Environ 40:1683–1693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Backlund P (1992) Degradation of aquatic humic material by ultraviolet light. Chemosphere 25:1869–1878

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bade DL (2004) Ecosystem carbon cycles: whole-lake fluxes estimated with multiple isotopes. University of Wisconsin, Thesis, Madison

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker A (2001) Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix characterization of some sewage impacted rivers. Environ Sci Technol 35:948–953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker A (2002) Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix characterization of some farm wastes: implications for water quality monitoring. Water Res 36:189–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker A, Spencer RGM (2004) Characterization of dissolved organic matter from source to sea using fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ 333:217–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balcarczyk KL, Jones JB Jr, Rudolf Jaffe′ R, Maie N (2009) Stream dissolved organic matter bioavailability and composition in watersheds underlain with discontinuous permafrost. Biogeochemistry 94:255–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballaré CL, Caldwell MM, Flint SD, Robinson SA, Bornman JF (2011) Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial ecosystems Patterns, mechanisms, and interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:226–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balmer ME, Poiger T, Droz C, Romanin K, Bergqvist P-A, Muller MD, Buser H-A (2004) Occurrence of methyl triclosan, a transformation product of the bacericide triclosan, in fish and from various lakes in Switzerland. Environ Sci Technol 38:390–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barber RT (1968) Dissoved organic carbon from deep waters resists microbial oxidation. Nature 220:274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bard SM (2000) Multixenobiotic resistance as a cellular defense mechanism in aquatic organisms. Aquat Toxicol 48:357–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baron J, McKnight DM, Denning AS (1991) Sources of dissolved and particulate organic material in Loch ValeWatershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Biogeochemistry 15:89–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter RM, Carey JH (1983) Evidence for photochemical generation of superoxide ion in humic waters. Nature 306:575–576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beardall J, Sobrino C, Stojkovic S (2009a) Interactions between the impacts of ultraviolet radiation, elevated CO2, and nutrient limitation on marine primary producers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 8:1257–1265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beardall J, Stojkovic S, Larsen S (2009b) Living in a high CO2 world: impacts of global climate change on marine phytoplankton. Plant Ecol Divers 2:191–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck KC, Reuter JH, Perdue EM (1974) Organic and inOrg Geochemof some coastal plain rivers of the southeastern United States. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38:341–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedner M, MacCrehan WA (2006) Transformation of acetaminophen by chlorination produces the toxicants 1,4-benzoquinone and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. Environ Sci Technol 40:516–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benner R (2002) Chemical composition and reactivity. In: Hansell DA, Carlson CA (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 59–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Benner R, Biddanda B (1998) photochemical transformations of surface and deep marine dissolved organic matter: effects on bacterial growth. Limnol Oceanogr 43:1373–1378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benner R, Hedges JI (1993) A test of the accuracy of freshwater DOC measurements by high temperature catalytic oxidation and UV-promoted persulfate oxidation. Mar Chem 41:161–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benner R, Kaiser K (2003) Abundance of amino sugars and peptidoglycan in marine particulate and dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 48:118–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benner R, Pakulski JD, McCarthy M, Hedges JI, Hatcher PG (1992) Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Science 255(5051):1561–1564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benoy G, Cash K, McCauley E, Wrona F (2007) Carbon dynamics in lakes of the boreal forest under a changing climate. Environ Rev 15:175–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berner RA (1989) Biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur and their effect on atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 73:97–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertilsson S, Jones JB (2003) Supply of dissolved organic matter to aquatic ecosystems: autochthonous sources. In: Findlay SEG, Sinsabaugh RL (eds) Aquatic ecosystems: interactivity of dissolved organic matter. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 3–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertilsson S, Tranvik LJ (1998) Photochemically produced carboxylic acids as substrates for freshwater bacterioplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 43:885–895

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertilsson S, Tranvik LJ (2000) Photochemically transformation of dissolved organic matter in lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 45:753–762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertilsson S, Stepanauskas R, Cuadros-Hansson R, Granéli W, Wikner J, Tranvik LJ (1999) Photochemically induced changes in bioavailable carbon and nitrogen pools in a boreal watershed. Aquat Microb Ecol 19:47–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertoni R, Callieri C, Morabito G, Pinolini ML, Pugnetti A (1998) Quali-quantitative changes in organic carbon production during the oligotrophication of Lake Maggiore, Italy. Verh Int Ver Limnol 26:300–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertoni R, Callieri C, Caravati E, Contesini M, Corno G, Manca D (2008) Indagini sull’ambiente pelagico Carbonio organico e popolamenti batterici eterotrofi In CNR-ISE Ricerche sull’evoluzione del Lago Maggiore Aspetti Limnologici Programma quinquennale 2003– 2007 Campagna 2007 e Rapporto quinquennale 2003–2007. Commissione Internazionale per la protezione delle acque italo-svizzere: 67–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertoni R, Callieri C, Corno G, Rasconi S, Caravati E, Contesini M (2010) Long-term trends of epilimnetic and hypolimnetic bacteria and organic carbon in a deep holo-oligomictic lake. Hydrobiologia 644:279–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biddanda B, Benner R (1997) Carbon, nitrogen, and carbohydrate fluxes during the production of particulate and dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 42:506–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biddanda BA, Cotner JB (2002) Love handles in aquatic ecosystems: the role of dissolved organic carbon drawdown, resuspended sediments, and terrigenous inputs in the carbon balance of Lake Michigan. Ecosystems 5:431–445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biddanda B, Ogdahl M, Cotner J (2001) Dominance of bacterial metabolism in oligotrophic relative to eutrophic waters. Limnol Oceanogr 46:730–773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biers EJ, Zepp RG, Moran MA (2007) The role of nitrogen in chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter formation. Mar Chem 103:46–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billen G, Fontigny A (1987) Dynamics of a Phaeocystis dominated bloom in Belgian coastal waters. 2. Bacterioplankton dynamics. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 37:249–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom PR, Bleam WF, Xia K (2001) X-ray spectroscopy applications for the study of humic substances. In: Clapp CE, Hayes MHB, Senesi N, Bloom PR, Jardine PM (eds) Humic substances and chemical contaminants. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, p 317

    Google Scholar 

  • Blough NV, Zafiriou OC, Bonilla J (1993) Optical absorption spectra of waters from the Orinoco River outflow: terrestrial input of colored organic matter to the Caribbean. J Geophys Res 98:2271–2278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boehme J, Wells M (2006) Fluorescence variability of marine and terrestrial colloids: examining size fractions of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Damariscotta River estuary. Mar Chem 101:95–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolger R, Wiese TE, Ervin K, Nestich S, Checovich W (1998) Rapid screening of environmental chemicals for estrogen receptor binding capacity. Environ Health Perspect 106:551–557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borges AV, Ruddick K, Schiettecatte L-S, Delille B (2008) Net ecosystem production and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Scheldt estuarine plume BMC. Ecology 8:15. doi:101186/1472-6785-8-15

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowitzka MA (1988) Fats, oils and hydrocarbons. In: Borowitzka MA, Borowitzka LJ (eds) Micro-algal biotechnology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 257–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchard A (1997) Recent lake acidification and recovery trends in southern Quebec, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 94:225–245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowling L, Baker P (1996) Major cyanobacterial bloom in the Barwon- Darling River, Australia, in 1991, and underlying limnological conditions. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 47:643–657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boxall ABA, Sinclair CJ, Fenner K, Kolpin D, Maund SJ (2004) When synthetic chemicals degrade in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 38:368A–375A

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd TJ, Osburn CL (2004) Changes in CDOM fluorescence from allochthonous and autochthonous sources during tidal mixing and bacterial degradation in two coastal estuaries. Mar Chem 89:189–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd TJ, Barham BP, Hall GJ, Schumann BS, Paerl RW, Osburn CL (2010) Variation in ultrafiltered and LMW organic matter fluorescence properties under simulated estuarine mixing transects: 2. Mixing with photoexposure. J Geophys Res 115:G00F14. doi:101029/2009JG000994

  • Braakhekke MC, Beer C, Hoosbeek MR, Reichstein M, Kruijt B, Schrumpf M, Kabat P (2011) SOMPROF: a vertically explicit soil organic matter model. Ecol Model 222:1712–1730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley C, A Baker A, Cumberland S, Boomer I, Morrissey I (2007) Dynamics of water movement and trends in dissolved carbon in a headwater wetland in a permeable catchment. Wetlands 27:1066–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt LA, Bohnet C, King JY (2009) Photochemically induced carbon dioxide production as a mechanism for carbon loss from plant litter in arid ecosystems. J Geophys Res 114(G2):G02004

    Google Scholar 

  • Brassell SC, Comet PA, Eglinton G, Isaacson PJ, McEvoy J, Maxwell JR, Thompson ID, Tibbetts PJC, Volkman JK (1980) The origin and fate of lipids in the Japan Trench In: Douglas AG, Maxwell JR (eds) Advances in Organic Geochemistry. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 375–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratback G, Thingstad TF (1985) Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions: an apparent paradox? analysis of a model system with both competition and commensalism. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 25:23–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braven J, Butler EI, Chapman J, Evens R (1995) Changes in dissolved free amino acid composition in seawater associated with phytoplankton populations. Sci Total Environ 172:145–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodnjak-Vončina D, Dobenik D, Novie M, Zupan J (2002) Chemometrics characterisation of the quality of river water. Analyt Chim Acta 462:87–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronk DA (2002) Dynamics of DON. In: Hansell DA, Carlson CA (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 153–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk DA, Glibert PM, Ward BB (1994) Nitrogen uptake, dissolved organic nitrogen release, and new production. Science 265:1843–1846

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bronk DA, Glibert PM, Malone TC, Banahan S, Sahlsten E (1998) Inorganic and organic nitrogen cycling in Chesapeake Bay: autotrophic versus heterotrophic processes and relationships to carbon flux. Aquat Microb Ecol 15:177–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks BW, Chambliss CK, Stanley JK, Ramirez AJ, Banks KE, Johnson RD, Lewis RJ (2005) Determination of select antidipressants in fish from an effluent-dominated stream. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:464–469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks ML, Meyer JS, McKnight DM (2007) Photooxidation of wetland and riverine dissolved organic matter: altered copper complexation and organic composition. Hydrobiologia 579:95–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown TL, Rice JA (2000) Effect of experimental parameters on the ESI FT-ICR mass spectrum of fulvic acid. Anal Chem 72:384–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JN, Paxe′us N, Förlin L, Larsson JDG (2007) Variations in bioconcentration of human pharmaceuticals from sewage effluents into fish blood plasma. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 24:267–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunke M, Gonser TOM (1997) The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater freshwater. Biology 37:1–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Brzozowski T, Dembinski A, Konturek S (1994) Influence of Tolpa Peat Preparation on gastroprotection and on gastric and duodenal ulcers. Acta Pol Pharm 51:103–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckau G, Antinger R, Geyer S, Wolf M, Fritz P, Kim JI (2000) Groundwater in situ generation of aquatic humic and fulvic acid and the mineralization of sedimentary organic carbon. Appl Geochem 15:819–832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buesseler KO, Bauer JE, Chen RF, Eglinton TI, Gustafsson O, Landing W, Mopper K, Moran SB, Santschi PH, VernonClark R, Wells ML (1996) An intercomparison of cross-flow filtration techniques used for sampling marine colloids: overview and organic carbon results. Mar Chem 55:1–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buick R (2008) When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve? When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve? Phil Trans R Soc B 363:2731–2743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burdige DJ, Kline SW, Chen WH (2004) Fluorescent dissolved organic matter in marine sediment pore waters. Mar Chem 89:289–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burney CM, Davis PG, Johnson KM, Sieburth JMcN (1982) Diel relationships of microbial tropic groups and in situ dissolved carbohydrate dynamics in the Caribbean Sea. Mar Biol 67:311–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burt TP, Adamson JK, Lane AMJ (1998) Long-term rainfall and streamflow records for north central England: putting the Environmental Change Network site at Moor House, Upper Teesdale, in context. Hydrol Sci J 43:775–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buser H-R, Balmer ME, Schmid P, Kohler M (2006) Occurrence of UV-filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and octocrylene in fish from various Swiss rivers with inputs from wastewater treatment plants. Environ Sci Technol 40:1427–1431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bushaw KL, Zepp RG, Tarr MT, Schulz-Jander D, Bourbonniere RA, Hodson RE, Miller WL, Bronk DA, Moran MA (1996) Photochemical release of biologically available nitrogen from aquatic dissolved organic matter. Nature 381:404–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bussmann I, Kattner G (2000) Distribution of dissolved organic carbon in the central Arctic Ocean: the influence of physical and biological properties. J Mar Syst 27:209–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buttiglieri G, Peschka M, Fromel T, Muller J, Malpei F, Seel P, Knepper TP (2009) Environmental occurrence and degradation of the herbicide n-chloridazon. Water Res 43:2865–2873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cadée GC (1987) Organic carbon in the Ems River and estuary: a comparison of summer and winter conditions In: Degens ET, Kempe S, Wei-Bin G (eds) Transport of carbon and minerals in major world rivers, SCOPE/UNEP Sonderbd 64 Mitt Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Hamburg, pp 359–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai W-J (2011) Estuarine and coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO2 sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon incineration? Annu Rev Mar Sci 3:123–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai WJ, Pomeroy LR, Moran MA, Wang YC (1999) Oxygen and carbon dioxide mass balance for the estuarine-intertidal marsh complex of five rivers in the southeastern US. Limnol Oceanogr 44:639–649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callieri C, Piscia R (2002) Photosynthetic efficiency and seasonality of autotrophic picoplankton in Lago Maggiore after its recovery. Freshw Biol 47:941–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cammack WKL, Kalff J, Prairie YT, Smith EM (2004) Fluorescent dissolved organic matter in lakes: relationships with heterotrophic metabolism. Limnol Oceanogr 49:2034–2045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cancilla DA, Holtkamp A, Matassa L, Fang X (1997) Isolation and characterization of Microtox-active components from aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:430–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canham CD, Pace ML, Papaik MJ, Primack AGB, Roy KM, Maranger RJ, Curran RP, Spada DM (2004) A spatially explicit watershed-scale analysis of dissolved organic carbon in Adirondack lakes. Ecol Appl 14:839–854. doi:101890/02-5271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caraco NF, Lapman G, Cole JJ, Limburg KE, Pace ML, D Fischer D (1998) Microbial assimilation of DIN in a nitrogen rich estuary: implications for food quality and isotope studies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 167:59–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carder KL, Steward RG, Harvey GR, Ortner PB (1989) Marine humic and fulvic acids: their effects on remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll. Limnol Oceanogr 34:68–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE (1995) Declining semen quality and increasing incidence of testicular cancer: is there a common cause? Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 7):137–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson DJ, Brann ML, Mague TH, Mayer LM (1985) Molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic materials in seawater determined by ultrafiltration: a re-examination. Mar Chem 16:155–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson CA, Hansell DA, Peltzer ET, Smith WO Jr (2000) Stocks and dynamics of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep Sea Res I 47:3201–3225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson C, Johansson AK, Alvan G, Bergman K, Kuhler T (2006) Are pharmaceuticals potent environmental pollutants? Part I: environmental risk assessments of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients. Sci Total Environ 364:67–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter SR, Cole JJ, Kitchell JF, Pace ML (1998) Impact of dissolved organic carbon, phosphorus, and grazing on phytoplankton biomass and production in experimental lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 43:73–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrera N, Barreal ME, Gallego PP, Briones MJI (2009) Soil invertebrates control peat land C fluxes in response to warming. Funct Ecol 23:637–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrick HJ, Fahnenstiel GL, Stoermer EF, Wetzel RG (1991) Protozoan growth rates and trophic couplings in Lake Michigan. Limnol Oceanogr 36:133–1345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrillo P, Medina-Sánchez JM, Villar-Argaiz M (2002) The interaction of phytoplankton and bacteria in a high mountain lake: importance of the spectral composition of solar radiation. Limnol Oceanogr 47:1294–1306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casajuana N, Lacorte S (2003) Presence and release of phthalic esters and other endocrine disrupting compounds in drinking water. Chromatographia 57(9):649–655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cauwet G, Mackenzie FT (1993) Carbon inputs and distribution in estuaries of turbid rivers: the Yang Tze and Yellow rivers (China). Mar Chem 43:235–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman PJ, Edwards AC, Cresser MS (2001) The nitrogen composition of streams in upland Scotland: some regional and seasonal differences. Sci Total Environ 265:65–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chebbi A, Carlier P (1996) Carboxylic acids in the troposphere, occurence, sources, and sinks: a review. Atmos Environ 30:4233–4249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen RF, Gardner GB (2004) High-resolution measurements of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plume regions. Mar Chem 89:103–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Z, Li Y, Pan JM (2004) Distributions of colored dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in the Pearl River Estuary, China. Cont Shelf Res 24:1845–1856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Huang L, Tan Y, Yin J, Wang H, Huang H, Zou K, Li R (2007) Antibacterial substance from mucus of a scleractinian coral, Symphyllia gigantea. Acta Oceanol Sinica 26:140–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiron S, Comoretto L, Rinaldi E, Maurino V, Minero C, Vione D (2009) Pesticide By-Products in the Rhône Delta (Southern France) The Case of 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol and of its Nitroderivative. Chemosphere 74:599–604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen JB, Jensen DL, Grǿn C, Filip Z, Christensen TH (1998) Characterization of the dissolved organic carbon in landfill leachate-polluted groundwater. Water Res 32:125–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christman RF, Oglesby RT (1971) Microbiol degradation and the formation of humus. In: Sarkanen KV, Ludwig CH (eds) Lignins: occurrence, Formation, structure and reactions. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp 769–796

    Google Scholar 

  • Church MJ, Ducklow HW, Karl DM (2002) Multiyear increases in dissolved organic matter inventories at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Gyre. Limnol Oceanogr 47:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciglasch H, Lilienfein J, Kaiser K, Wilcke W (2004) Dissolved organic matter under native Cerrado and Pinus caribaea plantations in the Brazilian savanna. Biogeochemistry 67:157–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Citulski JA, Farahbakhsh K (2010) Fate of endocrine-active compounds during municipal biosolids treatment: a Review. Environ Sci Technol 44:8367–8376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clara M, Gans O, Windhofer G, Krenn U, Hartl W, Braun K, Scharf S, Scheffknecht C (2011) Occurrence of polycyclic musks in wastewater and receiving water bodies and fate during wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 82:1116–1123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark CD, Hiscock WT, Millero FJ, Hitchcock G, Brand L, Miller WL, Ziolkowski L, Chen RF, Zika RG (2004) CDOM distribution and CO2 production on the Southwest Florida Shelf. Mar Chem 89:145–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cleuvers M (2004) Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and acetylsalicylic acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 59:309–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cloern JE, Canuel EA, Harris D (2002) Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of aquatic and terrestrial plants of the San Francisco Bay estuarine system. Limnol Oceanogr 47:713–729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clutterbuck B, Yallop AR (2010) Land management as a factor controlling dissolved organic carbon release from upland peat soils 2: changes in DOC productivity over four decades. Sci Total Environ 408:6179–6191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coble PG (1996) Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in sea water using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. Mar Chem 52:325–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coble PG (2007) Marine optical biogeochemistry: the chemistry of ocean color. Chem Rev 107:402–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colborn T, vom Saal FS, Soto AM (1993) Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Pespect 101:378–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole JJ, Findlay S, Pace ML (1988) Bacterial production in fresh and saltwater ecosystems: a cross system overview. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 43:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole L, Bardgett RD, Ineson P, Adamson JK (2002) Relationships between enchytraeid worms (Oligochaeta), climate change, and the release of dissolved organic carbon from blanket peat in northern England. Soil Biol Biochem 34:599–607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connolly JP, Coffin RB, Landeck RE (1992) Modeling carbon utilization by bacteria in natural water systems. In: Hurst CJ (ed) Modelling the metabolic and physiologic activities of micro-organisms. Wiley, Chichester, pp 249–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad R (1999) Contribution of hydrogen to methane production and control of hydrogen concentrations in methanogenic soils and sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 28:193–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook RL, McIntyre DD, Langford CH, Vogel HJ (2003) A comprehensive liquid-state heteronuclear and multidimensional NMR study of Laurentian fulvic acid. Environ Sci Technol 37:3935–3944

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corin N, Backlund P, Kulovaara M (1996) Degradation products formed during UV-irradiation of humic waters. Chemosphere 33:245–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cory RM, McKnight DM (2005) Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinines in dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 39:8142–8149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cory RM, Green SA, Pregitzer KS (2004) Dissolved organic matter concentration and composition in the forests and streams of Olympic National Park, WA. Biogeochemistry 67:269–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowie GL, Hedges JI (1994) Biochemical indicators of diagenetic alteration in natural organic matter mixtures. Nature 369:304–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowie GL, Hedges JI (1996) Digestion and alteration of the biochemical constituents of a diatom (Thalassiosira weissflogii) ingested by an herbivorous zooplankton (Calanus pacificus). Limnol Oceanogr 41:581–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crandall CA, Katz BG, Hirten JJ (1999) Hydrochemical evidence for mixing of river water and groundwater during high-flow conditions, lower Suwannee River basin, Florida, USA. Hydrogeol J 7:454–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronan CS, Aiken GR (1985) Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:1697–1705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Currin CA, Newell SY, Pearl HW (1995) The role of standing dead Spartina alterniflora and benthic microalgae in salt marsh food webs: considerations based on multiple stable isotope analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 121:99–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis PJ, Adams HE (1995) Dissolved organic matter quantity and quality from freshwater and saline lakes in east-central Alberta. Biogeochemistry 30:59–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis PJ, Prepas EE (1993) Trends of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations from freshwater to saltwater. Verh Int Ver Limnol 25:298–301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis PJ, Schindler DW (1997) Hydrologic control of dissolved organic matter in low-order Precambrian Shield lakes. Biogeochemistry 36:125–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Da Costa F, Lubes G, Rodríguez M, Lubes V (2011) Study of the ternary complex formation between vanadium(III), dipicolinic acid and small blood serum bioligands. J Solution Chem 40:106–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlén J, Bertilsson S, Pettersson C (1996) Effects of UV-A irradiation on dissolved organic matter in humic surface waters. Environ Int 22:501–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai KO, David M, Vance G (1996) Characterization of solid and dissolved carbon in a spruce-fir Spodosol. Biogeochemistry 35:339–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel MHB, Montebelo AA, Bernardes MC, Ometto JPHB, De Camargo PB, Krusche AV, Ballester MV, Victoria RL, Martinelli LA (2002) Effects of urban sewage on dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, and electrical conductivity of small streams along gradient of urbanization in the Piracicaba River basin. Water Air Soil Poll 136:189–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danielsson LG (1982) On the use of filters for distinguishing between dissolved and particulate fractions in natural waters. Water Res 16:179–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danø K (1972) Cross resistance between vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines in Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo, Cancer. Chemother Rep 56:701–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Daughton CG, Ternes TA (1999) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change? Environ Health Perspect 107:907–938

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • David MB, Vance GF (1991) Chemical character and origin of organic acids in streams and seepage lakes of central Maine. Biogeochemistry 12:17–41. doi:101007/BF00002624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson EA, Janssens IA (2006) Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 440:165–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis SE III, Childers DL, Day JW Jr, Rudnick DT, Sklar FH (2001) Nutrient dynamics in vegetated and unvegetated areas of a southern everglades mangrove creek. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 52:753–765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Souza-Sierra MM, Donard OFX, Lamotte M, Belin C, Ewald M (1994) Fluorescence spectroscopy of coastal and marine waters. Mar Chem 47:127–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Zarruk KK, Scholer G, Dudal Y (2007) Fluorescence fingerprints and Cu2+-complexing ability of individual molecular size fractions in soil- and waste-borne DOM. Chemosphere 69:540–548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean M, Rzhetsky A, Allikmets R (2001) The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. Genome Res 11:1156–1166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deegan LA, Garritt RH (1997) Evidence for spatial variability in estuarine food webs. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 147:31–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Castillo CE, Coble PG, Morell JM, Lopez JM, Corredor JE (1999) Analysis of the optical properties of the Orinoco River Plume by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Mar Chem 66:35–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Castillo CE, Gilbes F, Coble PG, Muller-Karger FE (2000) On the dispersal of riverine colored dissolved organic matter over the West Florida Shelf. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1425–1432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Vecchio R, Blough NV (2002) Photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters: kinetics and modeling. Mar Chem 78:231–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Depetris PJ, Kempe S (1993) Carbon dynamics and sources in the Paraná River. Limnol Oceanogr 38:382–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derbalah ASH, Nakatani N, Sakugawa H (2003) Distribution, seasonal pattern, flux and contamination source of pesticides and nonylphenol residues in Kurose River water, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan. Geochem J 37:217–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice L et al (2009) Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an endocrine society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 30:293–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dittmar T, Lara RJ (2001) Driving forces behind nutrient and organic matter dynamics in a mangrove tidal creek in north Brazil. Coast Shelf Sci 52:249–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorodnikov M, Kuzyakov Y, Fangmeier A, Wiesenberg GLB (2011) C and N in soil organic matter density fractions under elevated atmospheric CO2: turnover vs stabilization. Soil Biol Biochem 43:579–589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • dos Anjos FM, Bittencourt-Oliveira MD, Zajac MP, Hiller S, Christian B, Erler K, Luckas B, Pinto E (2006) Detection of harmful cyanobacteria and their toxins by both PCR amplification and LC-MS during a bloom event. Toxicon 48:239–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dosskey MG, Bertsch PM (1994) Forest sources and pathways of organic matter transport to a blackwater stream: a hydrologic approach. Biogeochemistry 24:1–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downing JA, Prairie YT, Cole JJ, Duarte CM, Tranvik LJ, Striegl RG, McDowell WH, Kortelainen P, Caraco NF, Melack JM, Middelburg JJ (2006) The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments. Limnol Oceanogr 51:2388–2397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll CT, Driscoll KM, Roy KM et al (2003) Chemical response of lakes in the Adirondack Region of New York to declines in acidic deposition. Environ Sci Technol 37:2036–2042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Druon JN, Mannino A, Signorini S, McClain C, Friedrichs M, Wilkin J, Fennel K (2010) Modeling the dynamics and export of dissolved organic matter in the Northeastern US continental shelf. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 88:488–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duan S, Bianchi TS (2007) Particulate and dissolved amino acids in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers (USA). Mar Chem 107:214–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duedahl-Olesen L, Cederberg T, Pedersen KH, Højgård A (2005) Synthetic musk fragrances in trout from Danish fish farms and human milk. Chemosphere 61:422–431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duff KE, Laing TE, Smol JP, Lean DRS (1999) Limnological characteristics of lakes located across arctic treeline in northern Russia. Hydrobiol 391:205–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Eatherall AE (1996) The role of carbon in river basins. LOIS working note no 7 institute of hydrology Wallingford, p 53

    Google Scholar 

  • Eatherall A, Warwick MS, Tolchard S (2000) Identifying sources of dissolved organic carbon on the River Swale, Yorkshire. Sci Total Environ 251(252):173–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt BW, Moore TR (1990) Controls on dissolved organic carbon concentrations in streams, southern Quebec. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:1537–1544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Effler SW, Perkins M, Peng F, Strait C, Weidemann AD, Auer MT (2010) Light-absorbing components in Lake Superior. J Great Lakes Res 36:656–665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisma D, Cadée GC, Laane R (1982) Supply of suspended matter and particulate and dissolved organic carbon from the Rhine to the Coastal North Sea. In: Degens ET (ed) Transport of carbon and minerals in major world rivers, SCOPE/UNEP Sonderbd 52 Mitt Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Hamburg, pp 483–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Elbe ARGE (1997) Wassergütedaten der Elbe. Jährliche Zahlentafeln, Hamburg, p 95

    Google Scholar 

  • Elder J, Rybicki N, Carter V, Weintraub V (2000) Sources and yields of dissolved carbon in northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of peatland. Wetlands 20:113–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eloranta P (1978) Light penetration in different types of lakes in Central Finland. Holarct Ecol 1:362–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Engebretson RR, von Wandruszka R (1994) Microorganization in dissolved humic acids. Environ Sci Technol 28:1934–1941. doi:101021/es00060a026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engebretson RR, von Wandruszka R (1996) Quantitative approach to humic acid associations. Environ Sci Technol 30:990–997. doi:101021/es950478g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engel A, Passow U (2001) Carbon and nitrogen content of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in relation to their Alcian Blue adsorption. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 219:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engstrom DR (1987) Influence of vegetation and hydrology on the humus budgets of Labrador lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44:1306–1314. doi:101139/f87-154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epel D (1998) Use of multidrug transporters as first lines of defense against toxins in aquatic organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol A 120:23–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epel D, Smital T (2001) Multidrug-multixenobiotic transporters and their significance with respect to environmental levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. In: Daughton CG, Jones-Lepp TL (eds) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment scientific and regulatory issues, vol 791. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 244–263

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Etheridge SM (2010) Paralytic shellfish poisoning: seafood safety and human health perspectives. Toxicon 56:108–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans AJ (1998) Biodegradation of 14C-labeled low molecular organic acids using three biometer methods. J Geochem Explor 65:17–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans MG, Burt TP, Holden J, Adamson JK (1999) Runoff generation and water table fluctuations in blanket peat: evidence from UK data spanning the dry summer of 1995. J Hydrol 221:141–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans CD, Freeman C, Monteith DT, Reynolds B, Fenner N (2002) Climate change—terrestrial export of organic carbon: communication arising. Nature 415:862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans CD, Monteith DT, Cooper DM (2005) Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: observations, possible causes and environmental impacts. Environ Pollut 137:55–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans CD, Chapman PJ, Clark JM, Monteith DT, Cresser MS (2006) Alternative explanations for rising dissolved organic carbon export from organic soils. Glob Chang Biol 12:2044–2053

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahey TJ, Siccama TG, Driscoll CT, Likens GE, Campbell J, Johnson CE, Battles JJ, Aber JD, Cole JJ, Fisk MC, Groffman PM, Hamburg SP, Holmes RT, Schwarz PA, Yanai RD (2005) The biogeochemistry of carbon at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 75:109–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild WL, Swansburg OE, Arsenault JT, Brown SB (1999) Does an association between pesticide use and subsequent declines in catch of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) represent a case of endocrine disruption? Environ Health Perspect 107:349–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fankhauser-Noti A, Biedermann-Brem S, Grob K (2006) PVC plasticizers/additives migrating from the gaskets of metal closures into oily food: Swiss market survey June 2005. Eur Food Res Technol 223:447–453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farias J, Rossetti GH, Albizzati ED, Alfano OM (2007) Solar degradation of formic acid: temperature effects on the photo-Fenton reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:7580–7586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farjalla VF, Azevedo DA, Esteves FA, Bozelli RL, Roland F, Enrich-Prast A (2006) Influence of hydrological pulse on bacterial growth and DOC uptake in a clear-water Amazonian Lake. Microb Ecol 52:334–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farré Ml, Pérez S, Kantiani L, Barceló D (2008) Fate and toxicity of emerging pollutants, their metabolites and transformation products in the aquatic environment TrAC. Trends Anal Chem 27:991–1007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fellman JB, Hood E, Edwards RT, Jones JB (2009) Uptake of allochthonous dissolved organic matter from soil and salmon in coastal temperate rainforest streams. Ecosystems 12:747–759. doi:101007/s10021-009-9254-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenner N, Freeman C, Lock MA, Harmens H, Reynolds B, Sparks T (2007a) Interactions between elevated CO2 and warming could amplify DOC Exports from Peatland Catchments. Environ Sci Tech 41:3146–3152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenner N, Ostle NJ, McNamara N, Sparks T, Harmens H, Reynolds B, Freeman C (2007b) Elevated CO2 effects on peatland plant community carbon dynamics and DOC production. Ecosystems 10:635–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenton SE (2006) Endocrine-disrupting compounds and mammary gland development: early exposure and later life consequences. Endocrinology 147:18–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari GM, Dowell MD (1998) CDOM absorption characteristic with relation to fluorescence and salinity in coastal areas of the Southern Baltic Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 47:91–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari GM, Dowell MD, Grossi S, Targa C (1996) The relationship between the optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and total concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the southern Baltic Sea region. Mar Chem 55:299–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari B, Mons R, Vollat B, Fraysse B, Paxéus N, Giudice RL, Pollio A, Garric J (2004) Environmental Risk Assessment of six human pharmaceuticals: are the current environmental risk assessment procedures sufficient for the protection of the aquatic environment? Environ Toxical Chem 23:1344–1354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fichot CG, Miller WL (2010) An approach to quantify depth-resolved marine photochemical fluxes using remote sensing: application to carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction. Remote Sens Environ 114:1363–1377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field JA, Johnson CA, Rose JB (2006) What is emerging? Environ Sci Technol 40:7105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filella M (2008) NOM site binding heterogeneity in natural waters: discrete approaches. J Mol Liq 143:42–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filley TR, Cody GD, Goodell B, Jellison J, Noser C, Ostrofsky A (2002) Lignin demethylation and polysaccharide decomposition in spruce sap wood degraded by brown rot fungi. Org Geochem 33:111–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fimmen RL, Cory RM, Chin Y-P, Trouts TD, McKnight DM (2007) Probing the oxidation-reduction properties of terrestrially and microbially derived dissolved organic matter. Geochim Cosmoch Acta 71:3003–3015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Findlay SEG (2005) Increased carbon transport in the Hudson River: unexpected consequence of nitrogen deposition? Front Ecol Environ 3:133–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Findlay S, Pace M, Lints D (1991) Variability and transport of suspended sediment, particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Biogeochemistry 12:149–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorentino G, Spaccini R, Piccolo A (2006) Separation of molecular constituents from a humic acid by solid-phase extraction following a transesterification reaction. Talanta 68:1135–1142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher SG, Likens GE (1972) Stream ecosystem: organic energy budget. Bioscience 22:33–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher SG, Likens GE (1973) Energy flow in Bear Brook, New Hampshire: an integrative approach to stream ecosystem metabolism. Ecol Monogr 43:421–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flessa H, Ludwig B, Heil B, Merbach W (2000) The origin of soil organic C, dissolved organic C and respiration in a long-term maize experiment in Halle, germany, determined by C-13 natural abundance. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci Z Pflanzenernahr Bodenkd 163(2):157–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher KE, Boyanov MI, Homas SH, Wu Q, Kemner KM, Löffler FE (2010) U(VI) reduction to mononuclear U(IV) by Desulfitobacterium species. Environ Sci Technol 44:4705–4709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fogg GE (1983) The ecological significance of extracellular products of phytoplankton photosynthesis. Bot Mar 26:3–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford TE, Naiman RJ (1989) Groundwater-surface water relationships in boreal forest watersheds: dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrient dynamics. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46:41–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman C, Ostle N, Kang H (2001a) An enzymic ‘latch’ on a global carbon store—a shortage of oxygen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme. Nature 409:149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman C, Evans CD, Monteith DT, Reynolds B, Fenner N (2001b) Export of organic carbon from peat soils. Nature 412:785

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman C, Fenner N, Ostle NJ, Kang H, Dowrick DJ, Reynolds B, Lock MA, Sleep D, Hughes S, Hudson J (2004) Export of dissolved organic carbon from peatlands under elevated carbon dioxide levels. Nature 430:195–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freyer M, Walther C, Stumpf T, Buckau G, Fanghänel T (2009) Formation of Cm humate complexes in aqueous solution at pHc 3 to 55: the role of fast interchange. Radiochim Acta 97:547–558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abbt-Braun G, Lankes U, Frimmel, F (2004) Structural characterization of aquatic humic substances—the need for a multiple method approach. Aquat Sci Res Across Bound 66(2):151–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Fröberg M, Berggren Kleja D, Hagedorn F (2007) The contribution of fresh litter to dissolved organic carbon leaching from a coniferous forest floor. Eur J Soil Sci 58:108–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost PC, Mack A, Larson JH, Bridgham SD, Lamberti GA (2006) Environmental controls of UV-B radiation in forested streams of Northern Michigan. Photochem Photobiol 82:781–786. doi:101562/2005-07-22-RA-619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry B, Sherr EB (1984) 13C Measurements as indicators of carbon flow in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Contrib Mar Sci 27:13–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry B, Hopkinson CS, Nolin A (1996) Long-term decomposition of DOC from experimental diatom blooms. Limnol Oceanogr 41:1344–1347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu F-X, Zhang Y, Leblanc K, Sañudo-Wilhelmy SA, Hutchins DA (2005) The biological and biogeochemical consequences of phosphate scavenging onto phytoplankton cell surfaces. Limnol Oceanogr 50:1459–1472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu P, Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Li W, Liao H, Wang L, Wang J, Mei Y (2010) Excitation-emission matrix characterization of dissolved organic matter sources in two eutrophic lakes (Southwestern China Plateau). Geochem J 44:99–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii M, Murashige S, Ohnishi Y, Yuzawa A, Miyasaka H, Suzuki Y, Komiyama H (2002) Decomposition of phytoplankton in seawater Part 1: kinetic analysis of the effect of organic matter concentration. J Oceanogr 58:433–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara K, Ushiroda T, Takeda K, Kumamoto Y, Tsubota H (1993) Diurnal and seasonal distribution of hydrogen peroxide in seawater of Seto Inland Sea. Geochem J 27:103–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukami K, Simidu U, Taga N (1985) Microbial decomposition of phyto- and zooplankton in seawater I Changes in organic matter. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 21:1–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda R, Ogawa H, Nagata T, Koike I (1998) Direct determination of carbon and nitrogen contents of natural bacterial assemblages in marine environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3352–3358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furdui VI, Tomassini F (2010) Trends and Sources of Perchlorate in Arctic Snow. Environ Sci Technol 44:588–592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furlong ET, Kinney CA, Ferrer I, Werner SL, Cahill JD, Ratterman G (2004) Pharmaceuticals and personal-care products in solids: Analysis and field results for sediment, soil and biosolid samples. Extended Abstracts of Papers, 228th ACS National Meeting, Division of Environmental Chemistry 44:1320–1324

    Google Scholar 

  • Furuichi T, Kannan K, Suzuki K, Tanaka S, Giesy JP, Masunaga S (2006) Occurrence of estrogenic compounds in and removal by a swine farm waste treatment plant. Environ Sci Technol 40:7896–7902

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gagosian RB, Stuermer DH (1977) Cycling of biogenic compounds and their diagenetically transformed products in seawater. Mar Chem 5:605–632

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Q, Tao Z, Shen C, Sun Y, Yi W, Xing C (2002) Riverine organic carbon in the Xijiang River (South China): seasonal variation in content and flux budget. Environ Geo 41:826–832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gašparovic B, Cosovic B, Vojvodic V (1998) Contribution of organic acids to the pool of surface active substances in model and marine samples using o-nitrophenol as an electrochemical probe. Org Geochem 29:1025–1032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gennings C, Molot LA, Dillon PJ (2001) Enhanced photochemical loss of DOC in acidic waters. Biogeochemistry 52:339–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gielen B, Neirynck J, Luyssaert S, Janssens IA (2011) The importance of dissolved organic carbon fluxes for the carbon balance of a temperate Scots pine forest. Agric For Meteorol 151:270–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman CR, Elser JJ, Richards RC, Reuters JE, Priscu JC, Levin AL (1996) Thermal stratification, nutrient dynamics, and phytoplankton productivity during the onset of spring phytoplankton growth in Lake Baikal, Russia. Hydrobiologia 331:9–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez MJ, Gomez-Ramos MM, Aguera A, Mezcua M, Herrera S, Fernandez-Alba AR (2009) A new gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of target and non-target organic contaminants in waters. J Chromatogr A 1216:4071–4082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granéli W, Lindell M, Tranvik L (1996) Photo-oxidative production of dissolved inorganic carbon in lakes of different humic content. Limnol Oceanogr 41:698–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grǿn C, Wassenaar L, Krogh M (1996) Origin and structures of groundwater humic substances from three Danish aquifers. Environ Int 22:519–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grushnikov OP, Antropova ON (1975) Microbiological degradation of lignin. Russ Chem Rev 44:431. doi:10.1070/RC1975v044n05ABEH002352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gudasz C, Bastviken D, Steger K, Premke K, Sobek S, Tranvik LJ (2010) Temperature-controlled organic carbon mineralization in lake sediments. Nature 466:478–481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guéguen C, Dominik J (2003) Partitioning of trace metals between particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved fractions in a polluted river: the Upper Vistula River (Poland). Appl Geochem 18:457–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guéguen C, Belin C, Dominik J (2002) Organic colloid separation in contrasting aquatic environments with tangential flow filtration. Water Res 36:1677–1684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guéguen C, Guo L, Wang D, Tanaka N, Hung C-C (2006) Chemical characteristics and origin of dissolved organic matter in the Yukon River. Biogeochemistry 77:139–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guggenberger G, Zech W (1993) Dissolved organic carbon control in acid forest soils of the Fichtelgebirge (Germany) as revealed by distribution patterns and structural composition analysis. Geoderma 59:109–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard C, Lemée L, Amblés A (2005) Lipid constituents of peat humic acids and humin Distinction from directly extractable bitumen components using TMAH and TEAAc thermochemolysis. Org Geochem 36:287–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guildford SJ, Hecky RE (2000) Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: is there a common relationship? Limnol Oceanogr 45:1213–1223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Santschi PH (1996) A critical evaluation of the cross-flow ultrafiltration technique for sampling colloidal organic carbon in seawater. Mar Chem 55:113–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Santschi PH (1997a) Isotopic and elemental characterization of colloidal organic matter from the Chesapeake Bay and Galveston Bay. Mar Chem 59:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Santschi PH (1997b) Composition and cycling of colloids in marine environments. Rev Geophys 35:17–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Coleman CH Jr, Santschi PH (1994) The distribution of colloidal and dissolved organic carbon in the Gulf of Mexico. Mar Chem 45:105–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Santschi PH, Warnken KW (1995) Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in oceanic environments. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1392–1403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Santschi PH, Cifuentes LA, Trumbore SE, Southon J (1996) Cycling of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter in the Middle Atlantic Bight as revealed by carbon isotopic (13C and 14C) signatures. Limnol Oceanogr 41:1242–1252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Y, Yu H-Y, Zeng EY (2009) Occurrence, source diagnosis, and biological effect assessment of DDT and its metabolites in various environmental compartments of the Pearl River Delta, South China: a review. Environ Pollut 157:1753–1763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurr CJ, Reinhard M (2006) Harnessing Natural Attenuation of pharmaceuticals and hormones in rivers. Environ Sci Technol 40:2872–2876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn F, Saurer M, Blaser P (2004) A C-13 tracer study to identify the origin of dissolved organic carbon in forested mineral soils. Eur J Soil Sci 55(1):91–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haiber S, Herzog H, Burba P, Gosciniak B, Lambert J (2001) Quantification of carbohydrate structures in size fractionated aquatic humic substances by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Environ Sci Technol 35:4289–4294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haines EB (1979) Nitrogen pools in Georgia coastal waters. Estuaries 2:34–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hama T, Handa N (1987) Pattern of organic matter production by natural phytoplankton population in a eutrophic lake 1 Intracellular products. Archiv Für Hydrobiologie 109:107–120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hama T, Handa N (1992) Diel variation of water-extractable carbohydrate composition of natural phytoplankton populations in Kirnu-ura Bay. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 162:159–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hama T, Yanagi K, Hama J (2004) Decrease in molecular weight of photosynthetic products of marine phytoplankton during early diagenesis. Limnol Oceanogr 49:471–481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamanaka J, Tanoue E, Hama T, Handa N (2002) Production and export of particulate fatty acids, carbohydrates and combined amino acids in the euphotic zone. Mar Chem 77:55–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanamachi Y, Hama T, Yanai T (2008) Decomposition process of organic matter derived from freshwater phytoplankton. Limnology 9:57–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanselman TA, Graetz DA, Wilkie ANNC (2003) Manure-borne estrogens as potential environmental contaminants: a review. Environ Sci Technol 37:5471–5478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen L (1998) Stepping backward to improve assessment of PCB congener toxicities. Environ Health Perspect 106:171–189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson PC, Bade DL, Carpenter SR, Kratz TK (2003) Lake metabolism: relationships with dissolved organic carbon and phosphorus. Limnol Oceanogr 48:1112–1119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey GR, Boran DA (1985) The geochemistry of humic substances in seawater. In: Aiken GR et al (eds) Humic substances in soil, sediment and water. Wiley, New York, pp 233–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey HR, Mannino A (2001) The chemical composition and cycling of particulate and macromolecular dissolved organic matter in temperate estuaries as revealed by molecular organic tracers. Org Geochem 32:527–542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey HR, Tuttle JH, Bell JT (1995) Kinetics of phytoplankton decay during simulated sedimentation: changes in biochemical composition and microbial activity under oxic and anoxic conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:3367–3377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hata H, Kudo S, Yamano H, Kurano N, Kayanne H (2002) Organic carbon flux in Shiraho coral reef (Ishigaki Island, Japan). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 232:129–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa K (2004) Seasonal variations and dynamics of dissolved carbohydrates in Lake Biwa. Org Geochem 35:169–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa K, Sugiyama Y (2008) Spatial and seasonal variations in attenuation of solar ultraviolet radiation in Lake Biwa, Japan. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 90:121–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa K, Sekino T, Yoshioka T, Maruo M, Kumagai M (2003) Dissolved organic carbon and fluorescence in Lake Hovsgol: factors reducing humic content of the lake water. Limnology 4:25–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa K, Sakamoto M, Kumagai M, Jiao C, Song X, Zhang Z (2004) Fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter in the water of Lake Fuxian and adjacent rivers in Yunnan, China. Limnology 5:155–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayase K, Tsubota H (1983) Sedimentary humic acid and fulvic acid as surface active substances. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:947–952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayase K, Tsubota H (1985) Sedimentary humic and fulvic acids as fluorescent organic materials. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:159–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayase K, Yamamoto M, Nakazawa I, Tsubota H (1987) Behavior of natural fluorescence in Sagami Bay and Tokyo Bay, Japan—vertical and lateral distributions. Mar Chem 20:265–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayase K, Tsubota H, Sunada I, Goda S, Yamazaki H (1988) Vertical distribution of fluorescent organic matter in the North Pacific. Mar Chem 25:373–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He B, Dai MH, Zhai WD, Wang LF, Wang KJ, Chen JH, Lin JR, Han A, Xu YP (2010) Distribution, degradation and dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and its major compound classes in the Pearl River estuary. China Mar Chem 119:52–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Headley JV, Peru KM, Barrow MP (2009) Mass spectrometric characterization of naphthenic acids in environmental samples: a review. Mass Spectrom Rev 28:121–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heberer T (2002) Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicol Lett 131:5–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges JI (1992) Global biogeochemical cycles: progress and problems. Mar Chem 39:67–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges JI, Cowie GL, Richey JE, Quay PD, Benner R, Strom M, Forshey BR (1994) Origins and processing of organic matter in the Amazon River as indicated by carbohydrates and amino acids. Limnol Oceanogr 39:743–761

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges JI, Keil RG, Benner R (1997) What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean? Org Geochem 27:195–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges JI, Eglinton G, Hatcher PG, Kirchman DL, Arnosti C, Dereenne S, Evershed RP, Kögel-Knabner I, de Leeuw JW, Littke R, Michaelis W, Rullkötter J (2000) The molecularly-uncharacterized component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments. Org Geochem 31:945–958

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinze T, Liebert T (2001) Unconventional methods in cellulose functionalization. Prog Polym Sci 26:1689–1762. doi:101016/S0079-6700(01)00022-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hejzlar J, Dubrovsky M, Buchtele J, Ruzicka M (2003) The apparent and potential effects of climate change on the inferred concentration of dissolved organic matter in a temperate stream (the Malse River, South Bohemia). Sci Total Environ 310:143–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hellebust JA (1965) Excretion of some organic compounds by marine phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 10:192–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helleday T, Tuominen L-L, Bergman A, Jenssen D (1999) Brominated flame retardants induce intragenic recombination in mammalian cells. Mutat Res 439:137–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hellpointner E, Gäb S (1989) Detection of methyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl hydroperoxides in air and precipitation. Nature 337:631–634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helm RF (2000) In: Glasser WG, Northey RA, Schultz TP (eds) Lignin: historical, biological, and materials perspective. Oxford University Press, Washington, pp 161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson RK, Baker A, Parsons SA, Jefferson B (2008) Characterisation of algogenic organic matter extracted from cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms. Water Res 42:3435–3445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández F, Sancho JV, Ibáñez M, Guerrero C (2007) Antibiotic residue determination in environmental waters by LC-MS TrAC. Trends Anal Chem 26:466–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernes PJ, Hedges JI, Peterson ML, Wakeham SG, Lee C (1996) Neutral carbohydrate geochemistry of particulate material in the central equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Res II 43:1181–1204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hessen DO (1985) The relation between bacterial carbon and dissolved humic compounds in oligotrophic lakes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 31:215–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt CN, Kok GL (1991) Formation and occurrences of organic hydroperoxides in the troposphere: laboratory and field observations. J Atmos Chem 12:181–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins CF, Gallagher MP, Mimmack MM, Pearce SR (1988) A family of closely related ATP-binding subunits from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Bioessays 8:111–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higuchi TJ (1993) Biodegradation mechanism of lignin by white-rot basidiomycetes. J Biotechnol 30:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiriart-Baer VP, Smiith REH (2005) The effect of ultraviolet radiation on freshwater planktonic primary production: the role of recovery and mixing processes. Limnol Oceanogr 50:1352–1361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho KJ, Liu TK, Huang TS, Lu FJ (2003) Humic acid mediates iron release from ferritin and promotes lipid peroxidation in vitro: a possible mechanism for humic acid-induced cytotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 77:100–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeger B, Kollner B, Dietrich DR, Hitzfeld B (2005) Water-borne diclofenac affects kidney and gill integrity and selected immune parameters in brown trout (Salmo trutta f fario). Aquat Toxicol 75:53–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holden J, Burt TP (2002) Laboratory experiments on drought and runoff in blanket peat European. J Soil Sci 53:675–689

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holden J, Burt TP (2003) Hydrological studies on blanket peat: the significance of the acrotelm–catotelm model. J Ecol 91:86–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hongve D, Riise G, Kristiansen JF (2004) Increased colour and organic acid concentrations in Norwegian forest lakes and drinking water—a result of increased precipitation? Aquat Sci 66:231–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hope D, Billett MF, Cresser MS (1994) A review of the export of carbon in river water: fluxes and processes. Environ Pollut 84:301–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hope D, Billett MF, Cresser MS (1997) Exports of organic carbon in two river systems in NE Scotland. J Hydrol 193:61–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkinson CS, Vallino JJ, Nolin A (2002) Decomposition of dissolved organic matter from the continental margin. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr 49:4461–4478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houle D, Carignan R, Lachance M, Dupont J (1995) Dissolved organic carbon and sulfur in southwestern Quebec lakes: relationships with catchment and lake properties. Limnol Oceanogr 40:710–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Houser JN, Bade DL, Cole JJ, Pace ML (2003) The dual influences of dissolved organic carbon on hypolimnetic metabolism: organic substrate and photosynthetic reduction. Biogeochemistry 64:247–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell GD, Pollock TL (1986) Sulphate, water colour and dissolved organic carbon relationships in organic waters of Atlantic Canada. In: El-Shaarawi AH, Kwiatkowski RE (eds) Developments in water science, vol 27. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 53–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu W-G, Mao J-D, Xing B, Schmidt-Rohr K (2000) Poly(methylene) crystallites in humic substances detected by nuclear magnetic resonance. Environ Sci Technol 34:530–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson JJ, Dillon PJ, Somers KM (2003) Long-term patterns in dissolved organic carbon in boreal lakes: the role of incident radiation, precipitation, air temperature, southern oscillation and acid deposition. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 7:390–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huguet A, Vacher L, Saubusse S, Etcheber H, Abril G, Relexans S, Ibalot F, Parlanti E (2010) New insights into the size distribution of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in estuarine waters. Org Geochem 41:595–610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulatt CJ, Thomas DN (2010) Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in microalgal photobioreactors: a potential loss in solar energy conversion? Bioresour Technol 101:8690–8697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulatt CJ, Thomas DN, Bowers DG, Norman L, Zhang C (2009) Exudation and decomposition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from some temperate macroalgae. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 84:147–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel W (1997) Binding models for humic substances. In: Grenthe I, Puigdomenech I (eds) Modelling in aquatic chemistry. Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, pp 153–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummel M, Findlay S (2006) Effects of water chestnut (Trapa natans) beds on water chemistry in the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Hydrobiologia 559:169–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humpage A, Rositano J, Bretag A, Brown R, Baker P, Nicholson B, Steffensen D (1994) Paralytic shellfish poisons from Australian cyanobacterial blooms. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 45:761–771

    Google Scholar 

  • Humpage AR, Magalhaes V, Froscio SM (2010) Comparison of analytical tools and biological assays for detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. Anal Bioanal Chem 397:1655–1671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huovinen PS, Penttilä H, Soimasuo MR (2003) Spectral attenuation of solar ultraviolet radiation in humic lakes in Central Finland. Chemosphere 51:205–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hur J (2011) Microbial changes in selected operational descriptors of dissolved organic matters from various sources in a watershed. Water Air soil Soil Pollut 215:465–476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huszar VLM, Caraco NF, Roland F, Cole J (2006) Nutrient–chlorophyll relationships in tropical–subtropical lakes: do temperate models fit? Biogeochemistry 79:239–250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IEH (1999) IEH assessment of the ecological significance of endocrine disruption: effects on reproductive function and consequences for natural populations (assessment A4). MRC Institute for Environment and Health, Leicester

    Google Scholar 

  • IHSS (2011) Elemental compositions and stable isotopic ratios of IHSS samples. http://ihssgatechedu/ihss2/

  • Imai A, Fukushima T, Matsushige K, Inoue T, Ishibashi T (1998) Fractionation of dissolved organic carbon from the waters of Lake Biwa and its inflowing rivers. Jpn J Limnol 59:53–68 (in Japanese)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (1996). In: Houghton JT, Filho LGM, Calander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A, Maskell K (eds) Climate change 1995: the science of climate change. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 572–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishibashi H, Matsumura N, Hirano M, Matsuoka M, Shiratsuchi H, Ishibashi Y, Takao Y, Arizono K (2004) Effects of triclosan on the early life stages and reproduction of medaka Oryzias latipes and induction of hepatic vitellogenin. Aquat Toxicol 67:167–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa T, Trisliana Yurenfrie, Ardianor Gumiri S (2006) Dissolved organic carbon concentration of a natural water body and its relationship to water color in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Limnology 7:143–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ittekkot V (1982) Variations of dissolved organic matter during a plankton bloom: qualitative aspects based on sugar and amino acid analysis. Mar Chem 11:143–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ittekkot V, Brockman U, Michaelis W, Degens ET (1981) Dissolved free and combined carbohydrates during a phytoplankton bloom in the northern North Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 4:299–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Ittekkot V, Safiullah S, Mycke B, Seifert R (1985) Seasonal variability and geochemical significance of organic matter in the River Ganges, Bangladesh. Nature 317:800–802

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson TA, Hecky RE (1980) Depression of primary productivity by humic matter in lake and reservoir waters of the boreal forest zone. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37:2300–2317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jahan K, Ordóñez R, Ramachandran R, Balzer S, Stern M (2008) Modeling biodegradation of nonylphenol. Water Air Soil Pollut 8:395–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jameel RH, Helz GR (1999) Organic Chloramines in disinfected wastewaters: rates of reduction by sulfite and toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:1899–1904

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janczarek M, Urbanik-Sypniewska T, Skorupaka A (1997) Effect of authentic flavonoids and the exudates of clover root on growth rate and inducing ability of nod genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv Trifolii. Microbiol Res 152:93–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen HT, Cooke PS, Porcelli J, Tsuei-Chu L, Hansen LG (1993) Estrogenic and antiestrogenic actions of PCBs in the female rat: in vitro and in vivo studies. Reprod Toxicol 7:237–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansson M, Bergström A-K, Blomqvist P, Drakare S (2000) Allochthonous organic carbon and phytoplankton/bacterioplankton production relationships in lakes. Ecology 81:3250–3255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaramillo CA, Dilcher DL (2000) Microfloral diversity patterns of the late Paleocene–Eocene interval in Colombia, northern South America. Geology 9:815–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen JS, Helz GR (1998) Rates of reduction of N-chlorinated peptides by sulfite: relevance to incomplete dechlorination of wastewaters. Environ Sci Technol 32:516–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong J, Yoon J (2004) Dual roles of CO2 for degrading synthetic organic chemicals in the photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 38:3531–3540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerlov NG (1968) Optical oceanography. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerry AL, Jean-Philippe C (2003) Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol A 37:18A–26A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johannessen SC, Miller WL (2001) Quantum yield for the photochemical production of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. Mar Chem 76:271–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johannessen SC, Peña MA, Quenneville ML (2007) Photochemical production of carbon dioxide during a coastal phytoplankton bloom. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 73:236–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson MS, Lehmann J, Selva EC, Abdo M, Riha S, Couto EG (2006) Organic carbon fluxes within and stream water exports from headwater catchments in the southern Amazon. Hydrol Process 20:2599–2614. doi:101002/hyp6218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonathan HS (1973) Total organic carbon in seawater—comparison of measurements using persulfate oxidation and high temperature combustion. Mar Chem 1:211–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RI (1992) The influence of humic substances on lacustrine planktonic food chains. Hydrobiologia 229:73–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RD, Amador JA (1993) Methane and carbon monoxide production, oxidation, and turnover times in the Caribbean Sea as influenced by the Orinoco River. J Geophys Res 98:2353–2359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RI, Arvola L (1984) Light penetration and some related characteristics in small forest lakes in southern Finland. Verh Int Ver Limnol 22:811–816

    Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen NOG, Tranvik L, Edling H, Granéli W, Lindell M (1998) Effects of sunlight on occurrence and bacterial turnover of specific carbon and nitrogen compounds in lake water. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 25:217–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jover E, Matamoros V, Bayona JM (2009) Characterization of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles and benzosulfonamides in aqueous matrixes by solid-phase extraction followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216:4013–4019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juliano RL, Ling V (1976) A surface glycoprotein modulating drug permeability in Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta 455:152–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Käfferlein HU, Goen T, Angerer JJ (1998) Musk xylene: analysis, occurrence, kinetics, and toxicology. Crit Rev Toxicol 28:431–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahru M, Mitchell BG (2001) Seasonal and nonseasonal variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll and dissolved organic matter concentration in the California current. J Geophys Res 106:2517–2529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser K, Benner R (2009) Biochemical composition and size distribution of organic matter at the Pacific and Atlantic time-series stations. Mar Chem 113:63–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser E, Arscott DB, Tockner K, Sulzberger B (2004) Sources and distribution of organic carbon and nitrogen in the Tagliamento River, Italy. Aquat Sci 66:103–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalbitz K, Kaiser K (2008) Contribution of dissolved organic matter to carbon storage in forest mineral soils. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 171:52–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalbitz K, Solinger S, Park J-H, Michalzik B, Matzner E (2000) Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: a review. Soil Sci 165:277–304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalle K (1966) The problem of the gelbstoff in the sea. Oceanog Mar Biol Annu Rev 4:91–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang H, Freeman C, Ashendon TW (2001) Effects of elevated CO2 on fen peat biogeochemistry. Sci Total Environ 279:45–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao SJ, Liu KK (1997) Fluxes of dissolved and nonfossil particulate organic carbon from an Oceania small river (Lanyang Hsi) in Taiwan. Biogeochemistry 39:255–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karl DM, Tilbrook BA, Tien G (1991) Seasonal coupling of organic matter production and particle flux in the western Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Deep Sea Res I 38:1097–1126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kececioglu J, Ming L, Tromp J, Benner R, Biddanda B, Black B, McCarthy M (1997) Abundance, size distribution, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of marine organic matter isolated by tangential-flow ultrafiltration. Mar Chem 57:243–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keith TL, Snyder SA, Naylor CG, Staples CA, Summer C, Kannan K, Giesy JP (2001) Identification and quantitation of nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol in fish tissues from Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 35:10–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly CA, Fee E, Ramlal PS, Rudd JWM, Hesslein RH, Anema C, Schindler EU (2001) Natural variability of carbon dioxide and net epilimnetic production in the surface waters of boreal lakes of different sizes. Limnol Oceanogr 46(5):1054–1064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp WM, Smith EM et al (1997) Organic carbon balance and net ecosystem metabolism in Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 150:229–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy VC, Zellweger GW, Jones BP (1974) Filter pore-size effects on the analysis of Al, Fe, Mn, and Ti in water. Water Resour Res 10:785–790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kepkay PE (1994) Particle aggregation and the biological reactivity of colloids. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 109:293–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerndorff H, Schnitzer M (1980) Sorption of metals on humic acid. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:1701–1708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieber DJ, McDaniel J, Mopper K (1989) Photochemical source of biological substrates in sea water: implications for carbon cycling. Nature 341:637–639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieber RJ, Zhou X, Mopper K (1990) Formation of carbonyl compounds from UV-induced photodegradation of humic substances in natural waters: fate of riverine carbon in the sea. Limnol Oceanogr 35:1503–1515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieber RJ, Whitehead RF, Willey JD, Reid S, Seaton PJ (2006) Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in rainwater collected in southeastern North Carolina, USA. J Atmos Chem 54:21–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieber RJ, Willey JD, Whitehead RF, Reid SN (2007) Photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in rainwater. J Atmos Chem 58:219–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kierkegaard A, van Egmond R, McLachlan MS (2011) Cyclic volatile methylsiloxane bioaccumulation in flounder and ragworm in the Humber Estuary. Environ Sci Technol 45:5936–5942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Killops SD, Killops VJ (eds) (1993) An introduction to organic geochemistry. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim C, Nishimura Y, Nagata T (2006) Role of dissolved organic matter in hypolimnetic mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in a large, monomictic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 51:70–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y, Choi K, Jung J, Park S, Kim P-G, Park J (2007) Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea. Environ Int 33:370–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura K, Toshima S, Amy G, Watanabe Y (2004) Rejection of neutral endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) by RO membranes. J Membr Sci 245:71–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kindler R, Siemens JAN, Kaiser K, Walmsley DC, Bernhofer C, Buchmann N, Cellier P, Eugster W, Gleixner G, GrŨNwald T, Heim A, Ibrom A, Jones SK, Jones M, Klumpp K, Kutsch W, Larsen KS, Lehuger S, Loubet B, McKenzie R, Moors E, Osborne B, Pilegaard KIM, Rebmann C, Saunders M, Schmidt MWI, Schrumpf M, Seyfferth J, Skiba UTE, Soussana J-F, Sutton MA, Tefs C, Vowinckel B, Zeeman MJ, Kaupenjohann M (2011) Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balance. Glob Change Biol 17:1167–1185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinney CA, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, Burkhardt MR, Zaugg SD, Werner SL, Bossio JP, Benotti MJ (2008) Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic waste indicators in earthworms from agricultural soil amended with biosolid or swine manure. Environ Sci Technol 42:1863–1870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchman DL, Suzuki Y, Garside C, Ducklow HW (1991) High turnover rates of dissolved organic carbon during a spring phytoplankton bloom. Nature 352:612–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchman DL, Rich JH, Barber RT (1995) Biomass and biomass production of heterotrophic bacteria along 140°W in the equatorial Pacific: effect of temperature on the microbial loop. Deep Sea Res II 42:603–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchman DL, Meon B, Ducklow HW, Carlson CA, Hansell DA, Steward GF (2001) Glucose fluxes and concentrations of dissolved combined neutral sugars (polysaccharides) in the Ross Sea and Polar Front Zone, Antarctica. Deep Sea Res II 48:4179–4197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk JTO (1976) Yellow substance (gelbstoff) and its contribution to the attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation in some inland and coastal south-eastern Australian waters. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 27:61–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klapper L, McKnight DM, Fulton JR, Blunt-Harris EL, Nevin KP, Lovley DR, Hatcher PG (2002) Fulvic acid oxidation state detection using fluorescence spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 36:3170–3175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klavins M, Purmalis O (2010) Humic substances as surfactants. Environ Chem Lett 8:349–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleywegt S, Pileggi V, Yang P, Hao C, Zhao X, Rocks C, Thach S, Cheung P, Whitehead B (2011) Pharmaceuticals, hormones and bisphenol A in untreated source and finished drinking water in Ontario, Canada—occurrence and treatment efficiency. Sci Total Environ 409:1481–1488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klöcking R, Helbig B, Schotz G, Schacke M, Wutzler P (2002) Anti-HSV-1 activity of ssynthetic humic acid-like polymers derived from p-diphenolic starting compounds. Antivir Chem Chemother 13:241–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogel-Knabner I (1992) Forest soil organic matter: structure and formation Bayreuther Bodenkundliche Berichte. University of Bayreuth, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogel-Knabner I, Zech W, Hatcher PG (1988) Chemical composition of the organic matter in forest soils: III the humus layer. Z Pflanzenemrnhr Bodenk 151:331–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koike I, Hara S, Terauchi K, Kogure K (1990) Role of sub-micrometre particles in the ocean. Nature 345:242–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolodziej EP, Sedlak DL (2007) Rangeland grazing as a source of steroid hormones to surface waters. Environ Sci Technol 41:3514–3520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komada T, Schofield OME, Reimers CE (2002) Fluorescence characteristics of organic matter released from coastal sediments during resuspension. Mar Chem 79:81–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komatsu E, Fukushima T, Harasawa H (2007) A modeling approach to forecast the effect of long-term climate change on lake water quality. Ecol Model 209:351–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komissarov GG (1994) Photosynthesis: a new look. Sci Russ 5:52–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Komissarov GG (1995) Photosynthesis as a physical process. Chem Phys Rep 14:1723–1732

    Google Scholar 

  • Komissarov GG (2003) Photosynthesis: the physical-chemical approach. J Adv Chem Phys 2:28–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Konohira E, Yoshioka T (2005) Dissolved organic carbon and nitrate concentrations in streams: a useful index indicating carbon and nitrogen availability in catchments. Ecol Res 20:359–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopáćek J, Hejzlar J, Kaňa J, Porcal P, Klementová S (2003) Photochemical, Chemical, and biological transformations of dissolved organic carbon and its effect on alkalinity production in acidified lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 48:106–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kopáček J, Brzáková M, Hejzlar J, Nedoma J, Porcal P, Vrba J (2004) Nutrient cycling in a strongly acidified mesotrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 49:1202–1213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kortelainen P (1993) Content of total organic carbon in Finnish lakes and its relationship to catchment characteristics. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50:1477–1483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koschorreck M, Wendt-Potthoff K, Scharf B, Richnow HH (2008) Methanogenesis in the sediment of the acidic Lake Caviahue in Argentina. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 178:197–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kotsyurbenko OR, Glagolev MV, Nozhevnikova AN, Conrad R (2001) Competition between homoacetogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea for hydrogen at low temperature. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 38:153–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Koukal B, Guéguen C, Pardos M, Dominik J (2003) Influence of humic substances on the toxic effects of cadmium and zinc to the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Chemosphere 53:953–961

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer JB, Canonica S, Hoigne J, Kaschig J (1996) Degradation of fluorescent whitening agents in sunlit natural waters. Environ Sci Technol 30:2227–2234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuczewski B, Marquardt CM, Seibert A, Geckeis H, Kratz JV, Trautmann N (2003) Separation of plutonium and neptunium species by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and application to natural groundwater samples. Anal Chem 75:6769–6774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kujawinski EB, Freitas MA, Zang X, Hatcher PG, Green-Church KB, Jones RB (2002) The application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to the structural characterization of natural organic matter. Org Geochem 33:171–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kujawinski EB, Longnecker K, Blough NV, Del Vecchio R, Finlay L, Kitner JB, Giovannoni SJ (2009) Identification of possible source markers in marine dissolved organic matter using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:4384–4399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Xagoraraki I (2010) Pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in US surface and finished drinking waters: a proposed ranking system. Sci Total Environ 408:5972–5989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunz PY, Fent K (2006) Estrogenic activity of UV filter mixtures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 217:86–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurelec B (1992) The multixenobiotic resistance mechanism in aquatic organisms. Crit Rev Toxicol 22:23–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kusel K, Drake HL (1999) Microbial turnover of low molecular weight organic acids during leaf litter decomposition. Soil Biol Biochem 31:107–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwan WP, Voelker BM (2002) Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and organic compounds in the presence of dissolved iron and ferrihydrite. Environ Sci Technol 36:1467–1476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laane RWPM (1984) Comment on the structure of marine fulvic and humic acids. Mar Chem 15:85–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai HT, Hou JH, Su CI, Chen CL (2009) Effects of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol on growth of algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Isochrysis galbana, and Tetraselmis chui. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe 72:329–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert J, Lankes U (2002) Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to structural investigations of refractory organic substances: principles and definitions. In: Frimmel FH, Abbt-Braun G, Heumann KG, Hock B, Lüdemann H-D, Spiteller M (eds) Refractory organic substances (ROS) in the environment. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 89–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamelas C, Slaveykova VI (2007) Comparison of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) biouptake by green algae in the presence of humic acid. Environ Sci Technol 41:4172–4178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamelas C, Pinheiro JP, Slaveykova VI (2009) Effect of humic acid on Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) uptake by freshwater algae: kinetic and cell wall speciation considerations. Environ Sci Technol 43:730–735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lancelot C (1979) Gross excretion rates of natural marine phytoplankton and heterotrophic uptake of excreted products in the southern North Sea, as determined by short-term experiments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 1:179–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landsberg JH (2002) The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms. Rev Fish Sci 10:113–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langer P, Tajtakova M, Fodor G, Kocan A, Bohov P, Michalek J, Kreze A (1998) Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls. Eur J Endocrinol 139:402–409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lara RJ, Rachold V, Kattner G, Hubberten HW, Guggenberger G, Skoog A, Thomas DN (1998) Dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the Lena River, Siberian Arctic: characteristics and distribution. Mar Chem 59:301–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen S, Andersen TOM, Hessen DO (2011) Climate change predicted to cause severe increase of organic carbon in lakes. Glob Change Biol 17:1186–1192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau OW, Wong SK (2000) Contamination in food from packaging material J Chromatogr A 882:255–270 Casajuana N, Lacorte S (2003) Presence and release of phthalic esters and other endocrine disrupting compounds in drinking water. Chromatographia 57:649–655

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurion I, Ventura M, Catalan J, Psenner R, Sommarruga R (2000) Attenuation of untraviolet radiation in mountain lakes: factors controlling the among- and within-lake variability. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1274–1288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavoie M, Paré D, Bergeron Y (2005) Impact of global change and forest management on carbon sequestration in northern forested peatlands. Environ Rev 13:199–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lead JR, Wilkinson KJ (2006) Natural aquatic colloids: current knowledge and future trends. Environ Chem 3:159–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lead JR, Davison W, Hamilton-Taylor J, Harper M (1999) Trace metal sorption by natural particles and coarse colloids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:1661–1670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee C, Henrichs SM (1993) How the nature of dissolved organic matter might affect the analysis of dissolved organic carbon. Mar Chem 41:105–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee C, Wakeham SG (1988) Organic matter in seawater: biogeochemical processes. In: Riley JP (ed) Chemical oceanography, vol 9. Academic Press, New York, p 1–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee PC, Arndt P, Nickels C (1999) Testicular abnormalities in male rats after lactational exposure to nonylphenols. Endocrine 11:61–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee I-S, Sim W-J, Kim C-W, Chang Y-S, Oh J-E (2011) Characteristic occurrence patterns of micropollutants and their removal efficiencies in industrial wastewater treatment plants. J Environ Monit 13:391–397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leenheer JA (2007) Progression from model structures to molecular structures of natural organic matter components. Ann Environ Sci 1:57–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenheer JA, Croué JP (2003) Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 37:18–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leenheer JA, Malcolm RL, McKinley PW, Eccles LA (1974) Occurrence of dissolved organic carbon in selected ground-water samples in the United States. J Res 2:361–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leenheer JA, Wershaw RL, Reddy MM (1995) Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia 1 Minor structures. Environ Sci Technol 29:393–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leenheer JA, Brown GK, MacCarthy P, Cabaniss SE (1998) Models of metal binding structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee river, Georgia. Environ Sci Technol 32:2410–2416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leenheer JA, Rostad CE, Gates PM, Furlong ET, Ferrer I (2001) Molecular resolution and fragmentation of fulvic acid by electrospray ionization/multistage tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 73:1461–1471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legrand C, Rengefors K, Fistarol GO, Graneli E (2003) Allelopathy in phytoplankton—biochemical, ecological and evolutionary aspects. Phycologia 42:406–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann MF, Bernasconi SM, Mckenzie JA, Barbieri A, Simona M, Veronesi M (2004) Seasonal variation of the δ13C and δ15N of particulate and dissolved carbon and nitrogen in Lake Lugano: constraints on biogeochemical cycling in a eutrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 49:415–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonowicz A, Cho N-S, Luterek J, Wilkolazka A, Wojtas-Wasilewska M, Matuszewska A, Hofrichter M, Wesenberg D, Rogalski J (2001) Fungal laccase: properties and activity on lignin. J Basic Microbiol 41:185–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis WM, Saunders JF III (1989) Concentration and transport of dissolved and suspended substances in the Orinoco River. Biogeochemistry 7:203–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis NG, Yamamoto E (1990) Lignin: occurrence, biogenesis and biodegradation. Annu rev plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 41(1):455–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li WKW (1994) Primary production of prochlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and eukaryotic ultraphytoplankton—measurements from flow cytometric sorting. Limnol Oceanogr 39:169–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Fu PQ, Wang J, Mei Y, Wang L, Guo J (2008) Temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in two small lakes on the Southwestern China. Plateau Limnol 9:163–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li F, Zhao Q, Wang CA, Lu XF, Li XF, Le XC (2010) Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using gold nanoparticle labeling and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 82:3399–3403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li G, Gao K, Gao G (2011) Differential impacts of solar UV radiation on photosynthetic carbon fixation from the coastal to offshore surface waters in the South China Sea. Photochem Photobiol 87:329–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang M-C, H Hartman H, Kopp RE, Kirschvink JL, Yung YL (2006) Production of hydrogen peroxide in the atmosphere of a Snowball Earth and the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. PNAS 103:18896–18899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Edgerton RS, Galloway JN (1983) The composition and deposition of organic carbon in precipitation. Tellus 35B:16–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lilienfein J, Wilcke W, Thomas R, Vilela L, do Carmo Lima S, Zech W (2001) Effects of Pinus caribaea plantations on the C, N, P, and S status of Brazilian savanna oxisols. For Ecol Manag 147:171–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippold H, Gottschalch U, Kupsch H (2008) Joint influence of surfactants and humic matter on PAH solubility are mixed micelles formed? Chemosphere 70:1979–1986. doi:101016/jchemosphere200709040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lishman L, Smyth SA, Sarafin K, Kleywegt S, Toito J, Peart T, Lee B, Servos M, Beland M, Seto P (2006) Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario, Canada. Sci Total Environ 367:544–558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litman T, Druley TE, Stein WD, Bates SE (2001) From MDR to MXR: new understanding of multidrug resistance systems, their properties and clinical significance. Cell Mol Life Sci 58:931–959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu R, Lead JR, Baker A (2007) Fluorescence characterization of cross flow ultrafiltration derived freshwater colloidal and dissolved organic matter. Chemosphere 68:1304–1311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YM, Wang CA, Tyrrell G, Hrudey SE, Li XF (2009) Induction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into the viable but non-culturable state by chloraminated water and river water, and subsequent resuscitation. Environ Microbiol Rep 1:155–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YM, Wang C, Fung C, Li XF (2010) Quantification of Viable but Nonculturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Targeting the rpoS mRNA. Anal Chem 82:2612–2615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Llewellyn LE (2006) Saxitoxin, a toxic marine natural product that targets a multitude of receptors. Nat Prod Rep 23:200–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lobanov AV, Kholuiskaya SN, Komissarov GG (2004) Photocatalytic synthesis of formaldehyde from CO2 and H2O2. Doklady Phys Chem Part I 399:266–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loh AN, Bauer JE, Druffel ERM (2004) Variable ageing and storage of dissolved organic components in the open ocean. Nature 430:877–881

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lønborg C, Søndergaard M (2009) Microbial availability and degradation of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in two coastal areas. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 81:513–520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lønborg C, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Davidson K, Miller AEJ (2009a) Production of bioavailable and refractory dissolved organic matter by coastal heterotrophic microbial populations. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 82:682–688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lønborg C, Davidson K, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Miller AEJ (2009b) Bioavailability and bacterial degradation rates of dissolved organic matter in a temperate coastal area during an annual cycle. Mar Chem 113:219–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovley DR (2006) Bug juice: harvesting electricity with microorganisms. Nature Rev Microbiol 4:497–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovley DR, Chapelle FH (1995) Deep subsurface microbial processes. Rev Geophys 33:365–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovley DR, Coates JD, Blunt-Harris EL, Phillips EJP, Woodward JC (1996) Humic substances as electron acceptors for microbial respiration. Nature 382:445–448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe LE, Bustin RM (1989) Forms and hydrolytic behavior of sulfur in humic acid and residue fractions of four peats from the Fraser Lowland. Can J Soil Sci 69:287–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu H, Yan C, Liu J (2007) Low-molecular-weight organic acids exuded by Mangrove (Kandelia candel (L) Druce) roots and their effect on cadmium species change in the rhizosphere. Environ Exp Bot 61:159–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Ali N (2009) Detection of a DNA-like materials in Suwannee River fulvic acid. In: Wu FC, Xing B (eds) Natural organic matter and its significance in the environment. Science Press, Beijing, pp 66–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Green SA (2004) Photochemical transformation of dissolved organic carbon in Lake Superior-an in situ experiment. J Great Lakes Res 30(suppl 1):97–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma H, Allen E, Yin Y (2001) Characterization of isolated fractions of dissolved organic matter from natural waters and a wastewater effluent. Water Res 35:985–996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macalady DL, Walton-Day K (2009) New light on a dark subject: on the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM). Aquat Sci. doi:101007/s00027-009-9174-6

    Google Scholar 

  • MacFarlane RB (1978) Molecular weight distribution of humic and fulvic acids of sediments from a north Florida estuary. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:1579–1582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahieu N, Olk DC, Randall EW (2000) Accumulation of heterocyclic nitrogen in humified organic matter: a 15 N NMR study of lowland rice soils. Eur J Soil Sci 51:379–389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahieu N, Olk DC, Randall EW (2002) Multinuclear magnetic resonance analysis of two humic acid fractions from lowland rice soils. J Environ Qual 31:421–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majewski MS, Foreman WT, Goolsby DA (2000) Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part I—rain. Sci Total Environ 248:201–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mak YL, Taniyasu S, Yeung LWY, Lu G, Jin L, Yang Y, Lam PKS, Kannan K, Yamashita N (2009) Perfluorinated compounds in tap water from China and several other countries. Environ Sci Technol 43:4824–4829

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm RL (1985) Geochemistry of stream fulvic and humic substances. In: Aiken GR, McKnight DM, Wershaw RL, MacCarthy P (eds) Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation and characterization. Wiley, New York, pp 181–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm RL (1990) The uniqueness of humic substances in each of soil, stream and marine environments. Anal Chim Acta 232:19–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm RL (1991) Factors to be considered in the isolation and characterization of aquatic humic substances In: Allard B, Borén H, Grimvall A (eds) Humic substances in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Lecture notes in earth sciences, vol 33. Springer, Berlin, pp 9–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm RL, MacCarthy P (1992) Quantitative evaluation of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins used in tandem for removing organic solutes from water. Environ Int 18:597–607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malinsky-Rushansky NZ, Legrand C (1996) Excretion of dissolved organic carbon by phytoplankton of different sizes and subsequent bacterial uptake. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 132:249–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malkin SY, Guildford SJ, Hecky RE (2008) Modeling the growth response of Cladophora in a Laurentian Great Lake to the exotic invader Dreissena and to lake warming. Limnol Oceanogr 53:1111–1124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal R, Sekaly ALR, Murimboh J, Hassan NM, Chakrabarti CL, Back MH, Grégoire DC, Schroeder WH (1999) Effect of the competition of copper and cobalt on the lability of Ni(II)-organic ligand complexes Part I In model solutions containing Ni(II) and a well-characterized fulvic acid. Anal Chim Acta 395:323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann CJ, Wetzel RG (1995) Dissolved organic carbon and its utilization in a riverine wetland ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 31:99–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mannino A, Harvey HR (2000) Biochemical composition of particles and dissolved organic matter along an estuarine gradient: sources and implications for DOM reactivity. Limnol Oceanogr 45:775–788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manoli E, Samara C (1999) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waters: sources, occurrence and analysis TrAC. Trends Anal Chem 18:417–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao J, Hu W, Schmidt-Rohr K, Davies G, Ghabbour EA, Xing B (1998) In: Davies G, Ghabbour EA (eds) Humic Substances: structures, Properties, and Uses. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, p 83

    Google Scholar 

  • Marañòn E, Cermeño P, Fernández E, Rodrìguez J, Zabala L (2004) Significance and mechanisms of photosynthetic production of dissolved organic carbon in a coastal eutrophic ecosystem. Limnol Oceanogr 49:1652–1666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markager S, Vincent WF (2000) Spectral light attenuation and the absorption of UV and blue light in natural waters. Limnol Oceanogr 45:642–650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markich SJ (2002) Uranium speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems: an overview. Sci World J 2:707–729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JM, Dai MH, Cauwet G (1995) Significance of colloids in the biogeochemical cycling of organic carbon and trace metals in the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Limnol Oceanogr 40:119–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins O, Probst JL (1991) Biogeochemistry of major African Rivers: carbon and mineral transport. In: Degens ET, Kempe S, Richey JE (eds) Biogeochemistry of major world rivers, SCOPE 42, Hamburg, Ch 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Matamoros V, Jover E, Bayona JM (2010) Occurrence and fate of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles in constructed wetlands. Water Sci Technol 61:191–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsunaga K (1981) Studies on the decompositive processes of phytoplanktonic organic matter. Jap J Limnol 42:220–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthiesen A (1994) Evaluating the redox capacity and the redox potential of humic acids by redox titrations. In: Senesi N, Miano TM (eds) Humic substances in the global environment and applications for human health. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 187–192

    Google Scholar 

  • McCalley DV, Cooke M, Nickless G (1981) Effect of sewagetreatment on fecal sterols. Water Res 15:1019–1025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallister SL, Bauer JE, Cherrier JE, Ducklow HW (2004) Assessing sources and ages of organic matter supporting river and estuarine bacterial production: a multiple-isotope (∆14C, δ13C, and δ15 N) approach. Limnol Oceanogr 49:1687–1702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCallister SL, Bauer JE, Canuel EA (2006) Bioreactivity of estuarine dissolved organic matter: a combined geochemical and microbiological approach. Limnol Oceanogr 51:94–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy M, Hedges J, Benner R (1996) Major biochemical composition of dissolved high molecular weight organic matter in seawater. Mar Chem 55:281–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy M, Pratum T, Hedges J, Benner R (1997) Chemical composition of dissolved organic nitrogen in the ocean. Nature 390:150–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy MJ, James RT, Chen Y, East TL, Gardner WS (2009) Nutrient ratios and phytoplankton community structure in the large, shallow, eutrophic, subtropical Lakes Okeechobee (Florida, USA) and Taihu (China). Limnology 10:215–227. doi:101007/s10201-009-0277-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald AT, Mitchell GN, Naden PS, Martin DSJ (1991) Discoloured water investigations. Report to Yorkshire Water, University of Leeds

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowell WH, Likens GE (1988) Origin, composition, and flux of dissolved organic carbon in the Hubbard Brook Valley. Ecol Monogr 58:177–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre C, McRae C, Batts BD, Piccolo A (2005) Structural characterisation of groundwater hydrophobic acids isolated from the Tomago Sand Beds Australia. Org Geochem 36:385–397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Aiken GR (1998) Sources and age of aquatic humus. In: Hessen DO, Tranvik LJ (eds) Aquatic humic substances. Springer, New York, pp 9–39

    Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Thorn KA, Wershaw RL, Bracewell JM, Robertson GW (1988) Rapid changes in dissolved humic substances in Spirit Lake and South Fork Castle Lake, Washington. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1527–l541

    Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Aiken GR, Smith RL (1991) Aquatic fulvic acids in microbially based ecosystems-results from two desert lakes in Antarctica. Limnol Oceanogr 36:998–1006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Bencala KE et al (1992) Sorption of dissolved organic-carbon by hydrous aluminum and iron-oxides occuring at the confluence of Deer Creek with the Snake River, Summit County, Colorado. Environ Sci Technol 26:1388–1396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Smith RL, Harnish RA, Miller CL, Bencala KE (1993) Seasonal relationships between planktonic microorganisms and dissolved organic material in an alpine stream. Biogeochemistry 21:39–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Andrews ED, Spaulding SA, Aiken GR (1994) Aquatic fulvic acids in algal-rich Antarctic ponds. Limnol Oceanogr 39:1972–1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Harnish R, Wershaw RL, Schiff S, Baron JS (1997) Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. Biogeochemistry 36:99–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Boyer EW, Westerhoff PK, Doran PT, Kulbe T, Andersen DT (2001) Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity. Limnol Oceanogr 46:38–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLeese DW, Zito DW, Sergeant DB, Burridge L, Metcalfe CD (1981) Lethality and accumulation of alkylphenols in aquatic fauna. Chemosphere 10:723–730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medana C, Calza P, Baiocchi C, Pelizzetti E (2005) Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy as tool to investigate pesticides and their degradation products. Curr Org Chem 9:859–873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier M, Chin Y-P, Maurice P (2004) Variations in the composition and adsorption behavior of dissolved organic matter at a small, forested watershed. Biogeochemistry 67:39–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melnikov IA, Pavlov GL (1978) Characteristics of organic carbon distribution in the waters and ice of the Arctic Basin. Oceanology 18:163–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng XZ, Zeng EY, Yu LP, Guo Y, Mai BX (2007) Assessment of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in China via fish consumption and inhalation. Environ Sci Technol 41:4883–4887

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzel DW, Vaccaro RF (1964) The measurement of dissolved and particulate carbon in seawater. Limnol Oceanogr 9:138–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merel S, Le Bot B, Clement M, Seux R, Thomas O (2009) Ms identification of microcystin-LR chlorination by-products. Chemosphere 74:832–839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meriläinen JJ, Hynynen J, Palomäki A, Veijola H, Witick A, Mäntykoski K, Granberg K, Lehtinen K (2001) Pulp and paper mill pollution and subsequent ecosystem recovery of a large boreal lake in Finland: a palaeolimnological analysis. J Paleolimnol 26:11–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meybeck M (1982) Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transport by world rivers. Am J Sci 282:401–450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meybeck M, Cauwet G, Dessery S, Somville M, Gouleau D, Billen G (1988) Nutrients (Organic C, P, N, Si) in the eutrophic river Loire and its estuary. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 27:595–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JL (1986) Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in two subtropical blackwater rivers. Archiv Hydrobiol 108:119–134

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JL, Tate CM (1983) The effects of watershed disturbance on dissolved organic carbon dynamics of a stream. Ecology 64:33–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers-Schulte KJ, Hedges J (1986) Molecular evidence for a terrestrial component of organic matter dissolved in ocean water. Nature 321:61–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalzik B, Kalbitz K, Park JH, Solinger S, Matzner E (2001) Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen—a synthesis for temperate forests. Biogeochemistry 52:173–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Midorikawa T, Tanoue E (1996) Extraction and characterization of organic ligands from oceanic water columns by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Mar Chem 52:157–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midorikawa T, Tanoue E (1998) Molecular masses and chromophoric properties of dissolved organic ligands for copper(II) in oceanic water. Mar Chem 62:219–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikutta R, Mikutta C, Kalbitz K, Scheel T, Kaiser K, Jahn R (2007) Biodegradation of forest floor organic matter bound to minerals via different binding mechanisms. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:2569–2590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WL (1998) Effects of UV radiation on aquatic humus: photochemical principles and experimental considerations. Ecol Stud 133:125–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WL, Moran MA (1997) Interaction of photochemical and microbial processes in the degradation of refractory dissolved organic matter from a coastal marine environment. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1317–1324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WL, Zepp RG (1995) Photochemical production of dissolved inorganic carbon from terrestrial organic matter: significance to the oceanic organic carbon cycle. Geophys Res Lett 22:417–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WL, Moran MA, Sheldon WM, Zepp RG, Opsahl S (2002) Determination of apparent quantum yield spectra for the formation of biologically labile photoproducts. Limnol Oceanogr 47:343–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller C, Willey JD, Kieber R (2008) Changes in rainwater composition in Wilmington, NC during tropical storm Ernesto. Atmos Environ 42:846–855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller C, Gordon KG, Kieber RJ, Willey JD, Seaton PJ (2009) Chemical characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in rainwater. Atmos Environ 43:2497–2502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minakata D, Li K, Westerhoff P, Crittenden J (2009) Development of a group contribution method to predict aqueous phase hydroxyl radical (HO•) reaction rate constants. Environ Sci Technol 43:6220–6227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minella M, Rogora M, Vione D, Maurino V, Minero C (2011) A model approach to assess the long-term trends of indirect photochemistry in lake water the case of Lake Maggiore (NW Italy). Sci Total Environ 409:3463–3471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minero C, Chiron S, Falletti G, Maurino V, Pelizzetti E, Ajassa R, Carlotti ME, Vione D (2007) Photochemical processes involving nitrite in surface water samples. Aquat Sci 69:71–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitch WA, Sharp JO, Trussell RR, Valentine RL, Alvarez-Cohen L, Sedlak DL (2003) N-Nitrosodimethylamine as a drinking water contaminant: a review. Environ Eng Sci 20:389–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra S, Bianchi TS, Guo L, Santschi PH (2000) Terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter in the Chesapeake Bay and the Middle Atlantic Bight. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:3547–3557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mladenov N, McKnight DM, Wolski P, Murray-Hudson M (2007) Simulation of DOM fluxes in a seasonal floodplain of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Ecol Model 205:181–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mladenov N, Huntsman-Mapila P, Wolski P, Masamba WRL, McKnight DM (2008) Dissolved organic matter accumulation, reactivity, and redox state in ground water of a recharge wetland. Wetlands 28:747–759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohlin M, Wulff A (2009) Interaction effects of ambient UV radiation and nutrient limitation on the toxic Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Microb Ecol 57:675–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molot LA, Dillon PJ (1996) Storage of terrestrial carbon in boreal lake sediments and evasion to the atmosphere. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 10:483–492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molot LA, Keller W, Leavitt PR, Robarts RD, Waiser MJ, Arts MT, Clair TA, Pienitz R, Yan ND, McNicol DK, Prairie Y, Dillon PJ, Macrae M, Bello R, Nordin RN, Curtis PJ, Smol JP, Douglas MSV (2004) Risk analysis of dissolved organic mattermediated ultraviolet B exposure in Canadian inland waters. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 61:2511–2521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mompelat S, LeBot B, Thomas O (2009) Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical products and by-products, from resource to drinking water. Environ Int 35:803–814

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monteith DT, Evans CD (2005) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network: a review of the first 15 years and introduction to the special issue. Environ Pollut 137:3–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monteith DT, Stoddard JL, Evans CD, de Wit HA, Forsius M, Hogasen T, Wilander A, Skjelkvale BL, Jeffries DS, Vuorenmaa J, Keller B, Kopacek J, Vesely J (2007) Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry. Nature 450:537–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery-Brown J, Drewes JE, Fox P, Reinhard M (2003) Behavior of alkylphenol polyethoxylate metabolites during soil aquifer treatment. Water Res 37:3672–3681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore RW, Rudy TA, Lin T-M, Ko K, Peterson RE (2001) Abnormalities of sexual development in male rats with in utero and lactational exposure to the antiandrogenic plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Environ Health Perspect 109:229–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore TR, Paré D, Boutin R (2008) Production of Dissolved organic carbon in Canadian forest soils. Ecosystems 11:740–751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K, Kieber DJ (2002) Photochemistry of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus. In: Hansell DA, Carlson CA (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 59–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K, Stahovec WL (1986) Sources and sinks of low molecular weight organic carbonyl compounds in seawater. Mar Chem 19:305–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K, Zhou X, Kieber RJ, Kieber DJ, Sikorski RJ, Jones RD (1991) Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic carbon and its impact on the oceanic carbon cycle. Nature 353:60–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K, Zhou J, Ramana KS, Passow Dam HG, Drapeau DT (1995) The role of surface-active carbohydrates in the flocculation of a diatom bloom in a mesocosm. Deep Sea Res 42:47–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K, Feng Z, Bentjen SB, Chen RF (1996) Effects of cross-flow filtration on the absorption and fluorescence properties of seawater. Mar Chem 55:53–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morabito G, OggioniA Panzani P (2003) Phytoplankton assemblage at equilibrium in large and deep subalpine lakes: a case study from Lago Maggiore (N Italy). Hydrobiologia 502:37–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moran MA, Hodson RE (1994) Dissolved humic substances of vascular plant origin in a coastal marine-environment. Limnol Oceanogr 39:762–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moran MA, Zepp RG (1997) Role of photoreactions in the formation of biologically labile compounds from dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1307–1316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moran MA, Pomeroy LR, Sheppard ES, Atkinson LP, Hodson RE (1991) Distribution of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter on the southeastern US continental shelf. Limnol Oceanogr 36:1134–l149

    Google Scholar 

  • Moran MA Jr, Sheldon WM, Zepp RG (2000) Carbon loss and optical property changes during long-term photochemical and biological degradation of estuarine dissolved organic matter. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1254–1264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morel A, Gentili B (2009) A simple band ratio technique to quantify the colored dissolved and detrital organic material from ocean color remotely sensed data. Remote Sens Environ 113:998–1011. doi:101016/jrse200901008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morel A, Claustre H, Antoine D, Gentili B (2007) Natural variability of bio-optical properties in case 1 waters: attenuation and reflectance within the visible and near-UV spectral domains as observed in South Pacific and Mediterranean waters. Biogeosciences 4:2147–2178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morra MJ, Fendorf SE, Brown PD (1997) Speciation of sulfur in humic and fulvic acids using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:683–688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris DP, Hargreaves BR (1997) The role of photochemical degradation of dissolved organic carbon in regulating the UV transparency of three lakes on the Pocono Plateau. Limnol Oceanogr 42:239–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris DP, Zagarese H, Williamson CE, Balseiro EG, Hargreaves BR, Modenutti B, Moeller R, Queimalinos C (1995) The attenuation of solar UV radiation in lakes and the role of dissolved organic carbon. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1381–1391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG (2005) Dynamics, characteristics and photochemical processes of fluorescent dissolved organic matter and peroxides in river water. Ph.D. Thesis, September 2005, Hiroshima University, Japan

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Sakugawa H (2009) Spatial and temporal variations and factors controlling the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides in rivers. Environ Chem 6:524–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E, Hayakawa K, Takahashi M (2005a) Three-dimensional fluorescence as a tool for investigating the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Lake Biwa watershed. Limnology 6:101–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Honda Y, Sakugawa H (2005b) Dynamics and optical nature of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in river waters in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan. Geochem J 39:257–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E (2007a) Dynamics and characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the groundwater, river and lake water. Water Air Soil Pollut 184:157–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Yoshioka T, Konohira E, Tanoue E (2007b) Photodegradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matters in river waters. Geochem J 41:323–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2009a) Dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments. In: Wu FC, Xing B (eds) Natural organic matter and its significance in the environment. Science Press, Beijing, pp 3–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Wu FC, Fu PQ, Ying WL, Yuan J (2009b) Overview of key biogeochemical functions in lake ecosystem: impacts of organic matter pollution and global warming. In: Keynote Speech, Proceedings of the 13 th World Lake Conference, 1–5 November 2009. Wuhan, China, pp 59–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Fang WL, Yuan J, Ying WL, Li W, Yi M (2010) Characterization of Nanming River (Southwestern China) impacted by sewerage pollution using excitation-emission matrix and PARAFAC. Limnology 11:217–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofa KMG, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Yoshioka T, Sakugawa H, Tanoue E (2011) Photochemical, microbial and metal complexation behavior of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environments (invited review). Geochem J 45:235–254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mottaleb MA, Brumley WC, Curtis LR, Sovocool GW (2005) Nitro musk adducts of rainbow trout hemoglobin: dose–response and toxicokinetics determination by GC-NICI-MS for a sentinel species. Am Biotech Lab 23:24–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mottaleb MA, Usenko S, O’Donnell JG, Ramirez AJ, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK (2009) Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry screening methods for select UV-filters, synthetic musks, alkylphenols, an antimicrobial agent, and an insect repellent in fish. J Chromatogr A 1216:815–823

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mudge SM, Bebianno MJ (1997) Sewage contamination following an accidental spillage in the Ria Formosa, Portugal. Mar Pollut Bull 34:163–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mudge SM, Duce CE (2005) Identifying the source, transport path and sinks of sewage derived organic matter. Environ Pollut 136:209–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulholland PJ (2003) Large-scale patterns in dissolved organic carbon concentration, flux, and sources. In: Findlay S, Sinsabaugh RL (eds) Aquatic ecosystems—interactivity of dissolved organic matter. Academic Press, New York, pp 139–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller CL, Baker A, Hutchinson R, Fairchild IJ, Kidd C (2008) Analysis of rainwater dissolved organic carbon compounds using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Atmos Environ 42:8036–8045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy KR, Stedmon CA, Waite TD, Ruiz GM (2008) Distinguishing between terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter sources in marine environments using fluorescence spectroscopy. Mar Chem 108:40–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mylon SE, Twining BS, Fisher NS, Benoit G (2003) Relating the speciation of Cd, Cu, and Pb in two connecticut rivers with their uptake in algae. Environ Sci Technol 37:1261–1267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagai K, Aoki S, Fuse Y, Yamada E (2005) Fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as precursors of trihalomethane in Lake Biwa and Yodo Rivers. Bunseki Kagaku 54:923–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naganuma T, Konishi T, Inoue T, Nakane T, Sukizaki S (1996) Photodegradation or photoalteration? Microbial assay of dissolved organic matter. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 135:309–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagao S, Matsunaga T, Suzuki Y, Ueno T, Amano H (2003) Characteristics of humic substances in the Kuji River as determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with fluorescence detection. Water Res 37:4159–4170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagao S, Kodama H, Aramaki T, Fujitake N, Uchida M, Shibata Y (2011) Carbon isotope composition of dissolved humic and fulvic acids in the Tokachi river system. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 146:322–325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakada N, Kiri K, Shinohara H, Harada A, Kuroda K, Takizawa S et al (2008) Evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products as water-soluble molecular markers of sewage. Environ Sci Technol 42:6347–6353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakajima H (2006) Studies on photochemical degradation processes of dissolved organic matter in seawater. MS Thesis, Hiroshima University, pp 1–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakane K, Kohno T Horikoshi T, Nakatsubo T (1997) Soil carbon cycling at a black spruce (Picea mariana) forest stand in Saskatchewan, Canada. J Geophy Res 102(D24):28,785–28,793

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakatani N, Ueda M, Shindo H, Takeda K, Sakugawa H (2007) Contribution of the photo-Fenton reaction to hydroxyl radical formation rates in river and rain water samples. Anal Sci 23:1137–1142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nash KL, Fried S, Friedman AM, Sullivan JC (1981) Redox behavior, complexing, and adsorption of hexavalent actinides by humic acid and selected clays Stiring marine disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Environ Sci Technol 15:834–837

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neal C, Reynolds B, Wilkinson J, Hill T, Neal M, Hill S, Harrow M (1998) The impacts of conifer harvesting on runoff water quality: a regional survey for Wales. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 2:323–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neal C, Reynolds B, Neal M, Wickham H, Hill L, Williams B (2004) The impact of conifer harvesting on stream water quality: the Afon Hafren, mid-Wales. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 8:503–520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negreira N, Canosa P, Rodriguez I, Ramil M, Rubi E, Cela R (2008) Study of some UV filters stability in chlorinated water and identification of halogenated by-products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1178:20–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Negri AP, Jones GJ, Hindmarsh M (1995) Sheep mortality associated with paralytic shellfish poisons from the cyanobacterium. Anabaena circinalis Toxicon 33:1321–1329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson MJK, Montgomery SO, Maha¤ey WR, Pritchard PH (1987) Biodegradation of tricholoroethylene and involvement of an aromatic biodegradative pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:949–954

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson NB, Siegel DA, Michaels AF (1998) Seasonal dynamics of colored dissolved material in the Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Res I 45:931–957

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson NB, Carlson CA, Steinberg DK (2004) Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter by Sargasso Sea microbes. Mar Chem 89:273–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newbern LA, Webster JR, Benefield EF, Kennedy JH (1981) Organic matter transport in an Appalachian Mountain river in Virginia, USA. Hydrobiologia 83:73–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newson M, Baker A, Mounsey S (2001) The potential role of freshwater luminescence measurements in exploring runoff pathways in upland catchments. Hydrol Process 15:989–1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newton A, Icely JD, Falcao M, Nobre A, Nunes JP, Ferreira JG, Vale C (2003) Evaluation of eutrophication in the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, Portugal. Cont Shelf Res 23:1945–1961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols PD, Espey QI (1991) Characterization of organic-matter at the air sea interface, in subsurface water, and in bottom sediments near the Malabar sewage outfall in Sydney coastal region Australian. J Mar FreshW Res 42:327–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nimrod AC, Benson WH (1996) Environmental estrogenic effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates. Crit Rev Toxicol 26:335–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nissenbaum A, Kaplan IR (1972) Chemical and isotopic evidence for the in situ origin of marine humic substances. Limnol Oceanogr 17:570–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nõges T, Laugaste R, Nõges P, Tõnno I (2008) Critical N:P ratio for cyanobacteria and N-fixing species in the large shallow temperate lakes Peipsi and Võrtsjärv, North-East Europe. Hydrobiologia 599:77–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norrman B, Zweifel UL, Hopkinson CS Jr, Fry B (1995) Production and utilisation of dissolved organic carbon during an experimental diatom bloom. Limnol Oceanogr 40:898–907

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nurmi JT, GTratnyek P (2002) Electrochemical properties of natural organic matter (NOM), fractions of NOM and model biogeochemical electron shuttles. Environ Sci Technol 36:617–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberdorster E, Cheek AO (2001) Gender benders at the beach: endocrine disruption in marine and estuarine organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:23–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obernosterer I, Herndl GJ (1995) Phytoplankton extracellular release and bacterial growth: dependence on the inorganic N:P ratio. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 116:247–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa H, Ogura N (1992) Comparison of two methods for measuring dissolved organic carbon in sea water. Nature 356:696–698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa H, Tanoue E (2003) Dissolved organic matter in oceanic waters. J Oceanogr (Rev) 59:129–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa H, Fukuda R, Koike I (1999) Vertical distributions of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Res I 46:1809–1826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa H, Amagai Y, Koike I, Kaiser K, Benner R (2001) Production of refractory dissolved organic matter by bacteria. Science 292:917–920

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogura N (1972) Rate and extend of decomposition of dissolved organic-matter in surface seawater. Mar Biol 13:89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver BG, Thurman EM, Malcolm RL (1983) The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:2031–2035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omar AM, Olsen A, Johannessen T, Hoppema M, Thomas H, Borges AV (2010) Spatiotemporal variations of fCO2 in the North Sea. Ocean Sci 6:77–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opsahl S, Benner R (1997) Distribution and cycling of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Nature 386:480–482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opsahl S, Benner R (1998) Photochemical reactivity of dissolved lignin in river and ocean waters. Limnol Oceanogr 43:1297–1304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opsahl S, Benner R, Amon RMW (1999) Major flux of terrigenous dissolved organic matter through the Arctic Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 44:2017–2023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega-Retuerta E, Frazer TK, Duarte CM, Ruiz-Halpern S, Tovar-Sánchez A, Arrieta JM, Reche I (2009) Biogeneration of chromophoric dissolved organicmatter by bacteria and krill in the Southern Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 54:1941–1950

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osburn CL, Retamal L, Vincent WF (2009) Photoreactivity of chromophoric dissolved organic matter transported by the Mackenzie River to the Beaufort Sea. Mar Chem 115:10–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osinga R, de Vries KA, Lewis WE, van Raaphorst W, Dijkhuizen L, van Duyl FC (1997) Aerobic degradation of phytoplankton debris dominated by Phaeocystis sp in different physiological stages of growth. Aquat Microb Ecol 12:11–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Österberg R, Shirshova L (1997) Oscillating, nonequilibrium redox properties of humic acids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:4599–4604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen SF, Giltrow E, Huggett DB, Hutchinson TH, Saye J, Winter MJ, Sumpter JP (2007) Comparative physiology, pharmacology and toxicology of β-blockers: mammals versus fish. Aquat Toxicol 82:145–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pabich WJ, Valiela I, Hemond HF (2001) Relationship between DOC concentration and vadose zone thickness and depth below water table in groundwater of Cape Cod, USA. Biogeochemistry 55(3):247–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pace ML, Cole JJ (2002) Synchronous variation of dissolved organic carbon and color in lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 47:333–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pace ML, Cole JJ et al (2004) Whole-lake carbon-13 additions reveal terrestrial support of aquatic food webs. Nature 427:240–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paciolla MD et al (1998) In: Davies G, Ghabbour EA (eds) Humic substances: structures, properties and uses. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 20–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakulski JD, Benner R (1992) An improved method for the hydrolysis and MBTH analysis of dissolved and particulate carbohydrates in seawater. Mar Chem 40:143–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pakulski J, Benner R (1994) Abundance and distribution of carbohydrates in the ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 39:930–940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal A, Gin KY-H, Lin AY-C, Reinhard M (2010) Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects. Sci Total Environ 408:6062–6069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palenik B, Morel FMM (1988) Dark production of H2O2 in the Sargasso Sea. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1606–1611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer SM, Hope D, Billett MF, Dawson JJC, Bryant CL (2001) Sources of organic and inorganic carbon in a headwater stream: evidence from carbon isotope studies. Biogeochemistry 52:321–338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan Y, Wang Y, Xin J, Tang G, Song T, Wang Y, Li X, Wu F (2010) Study on dissolved organic carbon in precipitation in Northern China. Atmos Environ 44:2350–2357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panagiotopoulos C, Sempéré R, Obernosterer I, Striby L, Goutx M, Van Wambeke F, Gautier S, Lafont R (2002) Bacterial degradation of large particles in the southern Indian Ocean using in vitro incubation experiments. Org Geochem 33:985–1000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker DR (2009) Perchlorate in the environment: the emerging emphasis on natural occurrence. Environ Chem 6:10–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker DE, Legg TP, Folland CK (1992) A new daily Central England Temperature series, 1772–1991. Int J Climatol 12:317–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parlanti E, Worz K, Geoffroy L, Lamotte M (2000) Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs. Org Geochem 31:1765–1781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pastor J, Solin J, Bridgham SD, Updegraff K, Harth C, Weishampel P, Dewey B (2003) Global warming and the export of dissolved organic carbon from boreal peatlands. Oikos 100:380–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peck AM (2006) Analytical methods for the determination of persistent ingredients of personal care products in environmental matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:907–939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peña-Méndez EM, Havel J, Patočka J (2005) Humic substances-compounds of still unknown structure: applications in agriculture, industry, environment, and biomedicine. J Appl Biomed (Rev) 3:13–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez S, Barceló D (2007a) Application of advanced MS techniques to analysis and identification of human and microbial metabolites of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Trends Anal Chem 26:494–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez S, Barceló D (2007b) In: Aga DS (Ed) Fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in water treatment systems, 1st edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, ch 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Fuentetaja A, Dillon PJ, Yan ND, McQueen D (1999) Significance of dissolved organic carbon in the prediction of thermocline depthin small Canadian shield lakes. Aquat Ecol 33:127–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry SA, Perry WB (1991) Organic carbon dynamics in two regulated rivers in northwestern Montana, USA. Hydrobiologia 218:193–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrović M, Eljarrat E, López de Alda MJ, Barceló D (2001) Analysis and environmental levels of endocrine-disrupting compounds in freshwater sediments TrAC. Trends Anal Chem 20:637–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peuravuori J (1992) Isolation, fractionation and characterization of aquatic humic substances. Does a distinct humic molecule exist?. Academic dissertation, University of Turku, vol 4. Finland Finnish Humus News, pp 1–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Peuravuori J, Pihlaja K (1999) Some approaches for modelling of dissolved aquatic organic matter In: Keskitalo J, Eloranta P (eds) Limnology of humic waters. Backhuy Publishers, Leiden, pp 11–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Pham TPT, Cho C-W, Yun Y-S (2010) Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids: a review. Water Res 44:352–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piccolo A (2002) The supramolecular structure of humic substances: a novel understanding of humus chemistry and implications in soil science. Adv Agron 75:57–134 (Academic Press)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piccolo A, Conte P, Cozzolino A (2001) Chromatographic and spectrophotometric properties of dissolved humic substances compared with macromolecular polymers. Soil Sci 166:174–185. doi:101097/00010694-200103000-00003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pomati F, Castiglioni S, Zuccato E, Fanelli R, Vigetti D, Rossetti C et al (2006) Effects of a complex mixture of therapeutic drugs at environmental levels on human embryonic cells. Environ Sci Technol 40:2442–2447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porcal P, Koprivnjak J-F, Molot LA, Dillon PJ (2009) Humic substances—part 7: the biogeochemistry of dissolved organic carbon and its interactions with climate change. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16:714–726

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prahl FF, Small LF, Sullivan BA (1998) Biogeochemical gradients in the lower Columbia River. Hydrobiologia 361:37–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prairie YT, Bird DF, Cole JJ (2002) The summer metabolic balance in the epilimnion of southeastern Quebec lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 47:316–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pregitzer K, Zak DR, Burton AJ, Ashby JA, MacDonald NW (2004) Chronic nitrate additions dramatically increase the export of carbon and nitrogen from northern hardwood ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 68:179–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prince EK, Myers TL, Kubanek J (2008) Effects of harmful algal blooms on competitors: allelopathic mechanisms of the red tide. Limnol Oceanogr 53:531–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu X, Zhu T, Yao B, Hu J, Hu S (2005) Contribution of dicofol to the current DDT pollution in China. Environ Sci Technol 39:4385–4390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radnoti de Lipthay J, Barkay T, Vekova J, Sorensen SJ (1999) Utilization of phenoxyacetica acid, by strains using either the ortho or meta cleavage of catechol during phenol degradation, after conjugal transfer of oftLtl, the gene encoding a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid12-oxoglutarate dioxygenase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51:207–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rae R, Howard-Williams C, Hawes I, Schwarz A-M, Vincent WF (2001) Penetration of solar ultraviolet radiation into New Zealand lakes: influence of dissolved organic carbon and catchment vegetation. Limnology 2:79–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raich JW, Schlesinger WH (1992) The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus B 44:81–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raman DR, Layton AC, Moody LB, Easter JP, Sayler GS, Burns RT, Mullen MD (2001) Degradation of estrogens in dairy waste solids: effects of acidification and temperature. Trans ASAE 44:1881–1888

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez AJ, Mottaleb MA, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK (2007) Analysis of pharmaceuticals in fish using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ana Chem 79:3155–3163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez AJ, Brain RA, Usenko S, Mottaleb MA, O’Donnell JG, Stahl LL, Wathen JB, Snyder BD, Pitt JL, Perez-Hurtado P, Dobbins LL, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK (2009) Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish: results of a national pilot study in the United States. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:2587–2597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez N, Marce RM, Borrull F (2011) Development of a stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determining synthetic musks in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1218:156–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rashid MA, King LH (1969) Molecular weight distribution measurements on humic and fulvic acid fractions from marine clays on the Scotian Shelf. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 33:147–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen JB, Godbout L, Schallenberg M (1989) The humic content of lake water and its relationship to watershed and lake morphometry. Limnol Oceanogr 34:1336–1343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi RP, Richa Sinha RP, Singh SP, Häder D-P (2010) Photoprotective compounds from marine organisms. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 37:537–558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond PA, Bauer JE (2001a) DOC cycling in a temperate estuary: a mass balance approach using natural 14C and 13C isotopes. Limnol Oceanogr 46:655–667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond PA, Bauer JE (2001b) Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 409:497–500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond PA, Bauer JE (2001c) Use of 14C and 13C natural abundances for evaluating riverine, estuarine, and coastal DOC and POC sources and cycling: a review and synthesis. Org Geochem 23:469–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond PA, Oh NH (2007) An empirical study of climatic controls on riverine C export from three major US watersheds. Global Biogeochem Cycles 21:GB2022

    Google Scholar 

  • Raymond P, Saiers J (2010) Event controlled DOC export from forested watersheds. Biogeochemistry 100:197–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reche I, Pace M, Cole JJ (1999) Relationship of trophic and chemical conditions to photobleaching of dissolved organic matter in lake ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 44:259–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy S, Iden CR, Brownawell BJ (2005) Analysis of steroid estrogen conjugates in municipal waste waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77:7032–7038

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiller PE, Brevet J (2010) Bi-exponential decay of Eu(III) complexed by Suwannee River humic substances: spectroscopic evidence of two different excited species. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 75:629–636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reitner B, Herndl G, Herzig A (1997) Role of ultraviolet-B radiation on photochemical and microbial oxygen consumption in a humic-rich shallow lake. Limnol Oceanogr 42:950–960

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remington S, Krusche A, Richey J (2011) Effects of DOM photochemistry on bacterial metabolism and CO 2 evasion during falling water in a humic and a whitewater river in the Brazilian Amazon. Biogeochemistry 105(1):185–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Repeta DJ, Quan TM, Aluwihare LI, Accardi A (2002) Chemical characterization of high molecular weight dissolved organic matter in fresh and marine waters. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:955–962

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhind SM (2002) Endocrine disrupting compounds and farm animals: their properties, actions and routes of exposure. Domest Anim Endocrinol 23:179–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice CW (2002) Storing carbon in soil: why and how? Geotimes. American Geological Institute, Alexandria. http://wwwgeotimesorg/jan02/feature_carbonhtml

  • Richards RP, Baker DB (1993) Pesticides concentration patterns in agricultural drainage networks in the lake Eire basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 12:13–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson SD (2003) Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 75:2831–2857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson SD (2007) Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 79:4295–4324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson SD, Ternes TA (2005) Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 77:3807–3838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson SD, Ternes TA (2011) Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 83:4614–4648

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richey JE, Hedges JI, Devol AH, Quay PD (1990) Biogeochemistry of carbon in the Amazone River. Limnol Oceanogr 35:352–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richey JE, Melack JM, Aufdenkampe AK, Ballester VM, Hess LL (2002) Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO2. Nature 416:617–620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richter DD, Markewitz D, Trumbore SE, Wells CG (1999) Rapid accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest. Nature 400:56–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rimkus GG, Wolf M (1996) Polycyclic musk fragrances in human adipose tissue and human milk. Chemosphere 33:2033–2043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochelle-Newall EJ, Fisher TR (2002a) Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence in marine and estuarine environments: an investigation into the role of phytoplankton. Mar Chem 77:7–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochelle-Newall EJ, Fisher TR (2002b) Chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in Chesapeake Bay. Mar Chem 77:23–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogora M (2007) Considerazioni generali sull’evoluzione del chimismo delle acque lacustri e tributarie In CNR-ISE Ricerche sull’evoluzione del Lago Maggiore Aspetti limnologici Programma quinquennale 2003–2007 Campagna 2007 e Rapporto quinquennale 2003–2007 Commissione Internazionale per la protezione delle acque italo svizzere: 89–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Romani AM, Guasch H, Muñoz I, Ruana J, Vilalta E, Schwartz T, Emtiazi F, Sabater S (2004) Biofilm structure and function and possible implications for riverine DOC dynamics. Microb Ecol 47:316–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romankevich EA (1984) Geochemistry of organic matter in the ocean. Springer, Berlin, p 274

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstock B, Simon M (2001) Sources and sinks of dissolved free amino acids and protein in a large and deep mesotrophic lake. Limnol Oaceanogr 50:90–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstock B, Zwisler W, Simon M (2005) Bacterial consumption of humic and non-humic low and high molecular weight DOM and the effect of solar irradiation on the turnover of labile DOM in the Southern Ocean. Microb Ecol 50:90–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rostan JC, Cellot B (1995) On the use of UV spectrophotometry to assess dissolved organic carbon origin variations in the upper Rhône River. Aquat Sci 57:70–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudel RA, Camann DE, Spengler JD, Korn LR, Brody JG (2003) Phthalates, alkylphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and other endocrine-disrupting compounds in indoor air and dust. Environ Sci Technol 37:4543–4553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudel H, Böhmer W, Schröter-Kermani C (2006) Retrospective monitoring of synthetic musk compounds in aquatic biota from German rivers and coastal areas. J Environ Monit 8:812–823

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutledge S, Campbell DI, Baldocchi D, Schipper LA (2010) Photodegradation leads to increased carbon dioxide losses from terrestrial organic matter. Glob Change Biol 16:3065–3074

    Google Scholar 

  • RxList (The Internet Drug Index) (2005) Top 300 prescriptions for 2005 by number of US prescriptions dispensed. http://wwwrxlistcom/top200htm

  • Sachs S, Reich T, Bernhard G (2010) Study of the role of sulfur functionalities in humic acids for uranium(VI) complexation. Radiochim Acta 98:467–477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadtler (1968) The Sadtler standard spectra. Sadtler Research Lab, Inc, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Safiullah S, Mofizuddin M, Iqbal Ali SM, Enamul Kabir S (1987) Biogeochemical cycles of carbon in the rivers of Bangladesh. In: Degens ET, Kempe S, Weibin G (eds) Transport of carbon and minerals in major world rivers. Pt4 mitt Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Hamburg, SCOPE/UNEP Sonderbd 64, pp 435–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakugawa H, Kaplan IR, Shepard LS (1993) Measurements of H2O2, aldehydes and organic acids in Los Angeles rainwater: their sources and deposit rates. Atmos Environ 27B:203–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salmaso N, Morabito G, Mosello R, Garibaldi L, Simona M, Buzzi F, Ruggiu D (2003) A synoptic study of phytoplankton in the deep lakes south of the Alps (lakes Garda, Iseo, Como, Lugano and Maggiore). J Limnol 62:207–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Salonen K, Vähätalo A (1994) Photochemical mineralization of dissolved organic matter in Lake Skjervatjern. Environ Int 20:307–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salonen K, Kairesalo T, Jones RI (1992) Dissolved organic matter in lacustrine ecosystems: energy-source and system regulator. Hydrobiologia 229:1–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson H, Brain RA, Johnson DJ, Wilson CJ, Solomon KR (2004) Toxicity classification and evaluation of four pharmaceuticals classes: antibiotics, antineoplastics, cardiovascular, and sex hormones. Toxicology 203:27–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos PSM, Otero M, Duarte RMBO, Duarte AC (2009a) Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter isolated from rainwater. Chemosphere 74:1053–1061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos PSM, Duarte RMBO, Duarte AC (2009b) Absorption and fluorescence properties of rainwater during the cold season at a town in Western Portugal. J Atmos Chem 62:45–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santschi PH, Guo L, Baskaran M, Trumbore S, Southon J, Bianchi TS, Honeyman B, Cifuentes L (1995) Isotopic evidence for the contemporary origin of high-molecular weight organic matter in oceanic environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:625–631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sargent JR, Gatten RR, Henderson RJ (1981) Marine wax esters. Pure Appl Chem 53:867–871

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh Y, Katano T, Satoh T, Mitamura O, Anbutsu K, Nakano S-I, Ueno H, Kihira M, Drucker V, Tanaka Y, Mimura T, Watanabe Y, Sugiyama M (2006) Nutrient limitation of the primary production of phytoplankton in Lake Baikal. Limnology 7:225–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheel T, Jansen B, van Wijk AJ, Verstraeten JM, Kalbitz K (2008) Stabilization of dissolved organic matter by aluminium: a toxic effect or stabilization through precipitation? Eur J Soil Sci 59:1122–1132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheurer M, Brauch H-J, Lange FT (2009) Analysis and occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in German waste water and surface water and in soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Anal Bioanal Chem 394:1585–1594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiff SL, Arvena R, Trumbore SE, Dillon PJ (1990) Dissolved organic carbon cycling in forested watersheds: a carbon isotope approach. Water Res 26:2949–2957

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiff SL, Aravena R, Trumbore SE, Hinton MJ, Elgood R, Dillon PJ (1997) Export of DOC from forested catchments on the Precambrian Shield of Central Ontario: clues from 13C and 14C. Biogeochemistry 36:43–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler DW, Curtis PJ, Parker BR, Stainton MP (1996) Consequences of climate warming and lake acidification for UV-B penetration in North American boreal lakes. Nature 379:705–708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid P, Martin Kohler M, Gujer E, Zennegg M, Lanfranchi M (2007) Persistent organic pollutants, brominated flame retardants and synthetic musks in fish from remote alpine lakes in Switzerland. Chemosphere 67:S16–S21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Rohr K, Mao J-D, Olk DC (2004) Nitrogen-bonded aromatics in soil organic matter and their implications for a yield decline in intensive rice cropping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:6351–6354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt C, Oetken M, Dittberner O, Wagner M, Oehlmann J (2008) Endocrine modulation and toxic effects of two commonly used UV screens on the aquatic invertebrates Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Lumbriculus variegates. Environ Pollut 152:322–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnitzer M (1985) Nature of nitrogen in humic substances. In: Aiken GR, McKnight DM, Wershaw RL, MacCarthy P (eds) Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water. Wiley, New York, pp 303–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnitzer M, Khan SU (1978) Soil organic matter. Elsevier, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulten H-R, Schnitzer M (1998) The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen: a review. Biol Fertil Soils 26:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzenbach RP, Stierli R, Lanz K, Zeyer J (1990) Quinone and iron porphyrin mediated reduction of nitroaromatic compounds in homogenous aqueous solution. Environ Sci Technol 24:1566–1574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwede-Thomas SB, Chin Y, Dria KJ, Hatcher P, Kaiser E, Sulzberger B (2005) Characterizing the properties of dissolved organic matter isolated by XAD and C-18 solid phase extraction and ultrafiltration. Aquat Sci 67:61–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott MJ, Jones MN (2000) The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment. Bioc Biophy Acta 1508:235–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott DT, McKnight DM, Blunt-Harris EL, Kolesar SE, Lovley DR (1998) Quinone moieties act as electron acceptors in the reduction of humic substances by humicsreducing microorganisms. Environ Sci Technol 32:2984–2989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott AC, Whittal RM, Fedorak PM (2009) Coal is a potential source of naphthenic acids in groundwater. Sci Total Environ 407:2451–2459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scully FE, Howell GD, Kravitz R, Jewell JT, Hahn V, Speed M (1988) Proteins in natural-waters and their relation to the formation of chlorinated organics during water disinfection. Environ Sci Technol 22:537–542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scully NM, Vincent WF, Lean DRS, Cooper WJ (1997) Implications of ozone depletion for surface-water photochemistry: sensitivity of clear lakes. Aquat Sci 59:260–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scully NM, Maie N, Dailey SK, BoyerJN Jones RD, Jaffé R (2004) Early diagenesis of plant-derived dissolved organic matter along a wetland, mangrove, estuary ecotone. Limnol Oceanogr 49:1667–1678

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • See JH, Bronk DA (2005) Changes in C:N ratios and chemical structures of estuarine humic substances during aging. Mar Chem 97:334–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seitzinger SP, Hartnett H, Lauck R, Mazurek M, Minegishi T, Spyres G, Styles R (2005) Molecular-level chemical characterization and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in stream water using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Limnol Oceanogr 50:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semiletov IP, Pipko II, Repina I, Shakhova NE (2007) Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere-ice-water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic. J Mar Syst 66:204–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sempéré R, Kawamura K (1994) Comparative distributions of dicarboxylic acids and related polar compounds in snow, rain, and aerosols from urban atmosphere. Atmos Environ 28:449–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senesi N (1990) Molecular and quantitative aspects of the chemistry of fulvic acid and its interactions with metal ions and organic chemicals. Part II. The fluorescence spectroscopy approach. Anal Chim Acta 232:77–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senesi N, Miano T, Provenzano M, Burnett G (1991) Characterization, differentiation, and classification of humic substances by fluorescence spectroscopy. Soil Sci 152:259–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Servos MR (1999) Review of the aquatic toxicity, estrogenic responses and bioaccumulation of alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates. Water Qual Res J Can 34:123–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp JH (1973) Size classes of organic carbon in seawater. Limnol Oceanogr 18:441–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw EM (1979) 1975–76 drought in England and Wales in perspective. Disasters 3:103–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shcherbina NS, Perminova IV, Kalmykov SN, Kovalenko AN, Haire RG, Novikov AP (2007) Redox and complexation interactions of neptunium(V) with quinonoid-enriched humic derivatives. Environ Sci Technol 41:7010–7015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherr B, Sherr E (1989) Trophic impacts phagotrophic Protozoa in pelagic foodwebs In: Hattori T, Ishida Y, Maruyama Y, Morita RY, Uchida A (eds) Recent advances in microbial ecology. Japan Scientific Society Press,Tokyo, pp 388–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi X, Du Y, Lam PKS, Wu RSS, Zhou B (2008) Developmental toxicity and alteration of gene expression in zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 230:23–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel DA, Michaels AF (1996) Quantification of the non-algal light attenuation in the Sargasso Sea: implications for biogeochemistry and remote sensing. Deep Sea Res 43:321–345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siemens J, Kaupenjohann M (2003) Dissolved organic matter induced denitrification in subsoils and aquifers? Geoderma 113:253–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigleo AC, Macko SA (1985) Stable isotope and amino acid composition of estuarine dissolved colloidal material. In: Sigleo AC, Hattori A (eds) Marine and estuarine geochemistry. Lewis, Boca Raton, pp 29–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Silberhorn EM, Glauert HP, Robertson LW (1990) Carcinogenicity of polyhalogenated biphenyls: PCBs and PBBs. Crit Rev Toxicol 20:440–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson AJ, Kingery WL, Hatcher PG (2002) The Identification of Plant Derived Structures in Humic Materials Using Three-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 37(2):337–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SC, Singa RP (2002) Häder D-P (2002) Role of lipids and fatty acids in stress tolerance in cyanobacteria. Acta Protozool 41:297–308

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha R, Klisch M, Gröniger A, Häder D-P (2001) Responses of aquatic algae and cyanobacteria to solar UV-B. Plant Ecol 154:219–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skjelkvåle BL, Mannio J, Wilander A, Andersen T (2001) Recovery from acidification of lakes in Finland, Norway and Sweden 1990–1999 Hydrology and Earth System. Science 5:327–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Skjelkvåle BL, Stoddard J, Jeffries D et al (2005) Regional scale evidence for improvements in surface water chemistry 1990–2001. Environ Pollut 137:165–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skogerboe RK, Wilson SA (1981) Reduction of ionic species by fulvic acid. Anal Chem 53:228–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog A, Benner R (1997) Aldoses in various size fractions of marine organic matter: implications for carbon cycling. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1803–1813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slawyk G, Raimbault B, Garcia N (1998) Measuring gross uptake of 15 N-labeled nitrogen by marine phytoplankton without particulate matter collection: evidence of low 15 N losses to the dissolved organic nitrogen pool. Limnol Oceanogr 43:1734–1739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smital T, Kurelec B (1998) The chemosensitizers of multixenobiotic resistance mechanism in aquatic invertebrates: a new class of pollutants. Mutat Res 399:43–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smital T, Luckenbach T, Sauerborn R, Hamdoun AM, Vega RL, Epel D (2004) Emerging contaminants–pesticides, PPCPs, microbial degradation products and natural substances as inhibitors of multixenobiotic defense in aquatic organisms. Mutat Res/Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 552:101–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith BN, Epstein S (1971) Two categories of 13C:12C ratios for higher plants. Plant Physiol 47:380–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SV, Hollibaugh JT (1993) Coastal metabolism and the organic-carbon balance. Rev Geophys 31:75–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith RL, Oremland RS (1983) Anaerobic oxalate degradation: widespread natural occurrence in aquatic sediments. Appl Environ Microb 46:106–113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith FMJ, Wood SA, van Ginkel R, Broady PA, Gaw S (2011) First report of saxitoxin production by a species of the freshwater benthic cyanobacterium. Scytonema Agardh Toxicon 57:566–573

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snicins E, Gunn J (2000) Interannual variation in the thermal structure of clear and colored lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1647–1654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sobek S, Tranvik LJ, Prairie YT, Kortelainen P, Cole JJ (2007) Patterns and regulation of dissolved organic carbon: an analysis of 7,500 widely distributed lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 52:1208–1219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommaruga R, Augustin G (2006) Seasonality in UV transparency of an alpine lake is associated to changes in phytoplankton biomass. Aquat Sci 68:129–141. doi:101007/s00027-006-0836-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sommaruga R, Psenner R (1997) Ultraviolet radiation in a high mountain lake of the Austrian Alps: air and underwater measurements. Photochem Photobiol 65:957–963

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Son S, Wang M, Shon J-K (2011) Satellite observations of optical and biological properties in the Korean dump site of the Yellow Sea. Remote Sens Environ 115:562–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Søndergaard M, Middelboe M (1995) A cross-system analysis of labile dissolved organic carbon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 118:283–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Southwell MW, Smith JD, Avery GB, Kieber RJ, Willey JD (2010) Seasonal variability of formaldehyde production from photolysis of rainwater dissolved organic carbon. Atmos Environ 44:3638–3643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spence A, Simpson AJ, McNally DJ, Moran BW, McCaul MV, Hart K, Paull B, Kelleher BP (2011) The degradation characteristics of microbial biomass in soil. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 75:2571–2581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiker E (1981) Flux of organic carbon by rivers to the oceans report CONF-8009140, US Department of Energy, Springfield, pp 79–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Stedmon CA, Markager S (2005a) Tracing the production and degradation of autochthonous fractions of dissolved organic matter by fluorescence analysis. Limnol Oceanogr 50:1415–1426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stedmon CA, Markager S (2005b) Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis. Limnol Oceanogr 50:686–697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stedmon CA, Markager S, Bro R (2003) Tracing dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments using a new approach to fluorescence spectroscopy. Mar Chem 82:239–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stedmon CA, Markager S, Tranvik L, Kronberg L, Slätis T, Martinsen W (2007a) Photochemical production of ammonium and transformation of dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea. Mar Chem 104:227–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stedmon CA, Thomas DN, Granskog M, Kaartokallio H, Papaditriou S, Kuosa H (2007b) Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in Baltic coastal sea ice: allochthonous or autochthonous origins? Environ Sci Technol 41:7273–7279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steelink C (2002) Investigating humic acids in soils. Anal Chem 74:328A–333A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffensen D, Burch M, Nicholson B, Drikas M, Baker P (1999) Management of toxic blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) in Australia. Environ Toxicol 14:183–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg C, Muenster U (1985) Geochemistry and ecological role of humic substances in lake water. In: Aiken GR, McKnight DM, Wershaw RL, MacCarthy P (eds) Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation, and characterization. Wiley, New York, pp 105–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg DK, Nelson NB, Carlson CA, Prusak AC (2004) Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the open ocean by zooplankton and the colonial cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 267:45–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenson AC, Landing WM, Marshall AG, Cooper WT (2002) Ionization and fragmentation of humic substances in electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Ana Chem 74(17):4397–4409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenson AC, Marshall AG, Cooper WT (2003) Exact masses and chemical formulas of individual Suwannee river fulvic acids from ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra. Anal Chem 75:1275–1284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stepanauskas R, Moran MA, Bergamaschi BA, Hollibaugh JT (2005) Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. Biogeochemistry 74(2):131–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson FJ (1982) Humus chemistry: genesis-composition-reactions. Wiley, New York, pp 221–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard JL, Kahl JS, Deviney FA, DeWalle DR, Driscoll CT, Herlihy AT, Kellogg JH, Murdoch PS, WebbJR, Webster KE (2003) Response of surface water chemistry to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 Corvallis. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/620/R-03/001, Oregon

    Google Scholar 

  • Strome DJ, Miller MC (1978) Photolytic changes in dissolved humic substances. Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 20:1248–1254

    Google Scholar 

  • Struyk Z, Sposito G (2001) Redox properties of standard humic acids. Geoderma 102:329–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strynar MJ, Lindstrom AB (2008) Perfluorinated compound in house dust from Ohio and North Carolina, USA. Environ Sci Technol 42:3751–3756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuermer DH, Harvey GR (1977) Isolation of humic substances and alcohol-soluble organic-matter from seawater. Deep Sea Res 24(3):303–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subedi B, Mottaleb MA, Chamblish CK, Usenko S (2011) Simultaneous analysis of select pharmaceuticalsand personal care products in fish tissue using pressurized liquid extraction combined with silica gel cleanup. J Chromatogr A 1218:6278–6284

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugimura Y, Suzuki Y (1988) A high-temperature catalytic oxidation method for the determination of non-volatile dissolved organic carbon in seawater by direct injection of a liquid sample. Mar Chem 24:105–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama Y, Anegawa A, Kumagai T, Harita Y-N, Hori T, Sugiyama M (2004) Distribution of dissolved organic carbon in lakes of different trophic types. Limnology 5:165–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama Y, Anegawa A, Inokuchi H, Kumagai T (2005) Distribution of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved fulvic acid in mesotrophic Lake Biwa, Japan. Limnology 6:161–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan MJ, Moncreiff CA (1990) Edaphic algae are an important component of salt marsh food webs: evidence from multiple stable isotope analyses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 62:149–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundh I (1992) Biochemical composition of dissolved organic carbon released from natural communities of lake phytoplankton. Arch Hydrobiol 125:347–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton R, Sposito G (2005) Molecular structure in soil humic substances: the new view. Environ Sci Technol 39:9010–9015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney T, Nicol L, Roche JF, Brooks AN (2000) Maternal exposure to octylphenol suppresses ovine fetal follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, testis size, and Sertoli cell number. Endocrinology 141:2667–2673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi M, Hama T, Matsunaga K, Handa N (1995) Photosynthetic organic carbon production and respiratory organic carbon consumption in the trophogenic layer of Lake Biwa. J Plankton Res 17:1017–1025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka Y, Miyajima T, Koike I, Hayashibara T, Ogawa H (2008) Production of dissolved and particulate organic matter by the reef-building corals Porites cylindrica and Acropora pulchra. Bull Mar Sci 82:237–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanoue E (2000) Proteins in the sea-synthesis. In: Handa N, Tanoue E, Hama T (eds) Dynamics and characterization of marine organic matter. TERRAPUB/Kluwer, Tokyo, pp 383–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanoue E, Handa N (1987) Monosaccharide composition of marine particles and sediments from the Bering Sea and northern North Pacific. Oceanol Acta 10:91–100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanoue E, Nishiyama S, Kamo M, Tsugita A (1995) Bacterial membranes: possible source of a major dissolved protein in seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:2643–2648

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanoue E, Ishii M, Midorikawa T (1996) Discrete dissolved and particulate proteins in oceanic waters. Limnol Oceanogr 41:1334–1343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tao S (1996) Fractionation and chlorination of organic carbon in water from Yinluan River, Tianjin, China. Geo J 40:213–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Tedetti M, Kawamura K, Charriere B, Chevalier N, Sempere R (2006) Determination of low molecular weight dicarboxylic and ketocarboxylic acids in seawater samples. Anal Chem 78:6012–6018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terashima M, Fukushima M, Tanaka S (2004) Influence of pH on the surface activity of humic acid: micelle-like aggregate formation and interfacial adsorption. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 247:77–83. doi:101016/jcolsurfa200408028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas DN, Lara RJ (1995) Photodegradation of algal derived dissolved organic carbon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 116:309–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thurman EM (1985a) Humic substances in groundwater. In: Aiken GR, McKnight DM, Wershaw RL, MacCarthy P (eds) Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation, and characterization. Wiley, New York, pp 87–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurman EM (1985b) Organic geochemistry of natural waters. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W Junk Publishers, Dordrecht

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Thurman EM (1985c) Humic substances in groundwater. In: Aiken GR, McKnight DM, Wershaw RL, MacCarthy P (eds) Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation, and characterization. Wiley, New York, pp 87–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurman EM (1986) Organic geochemistry of natural waters, 2nd edn. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W Junk Publishers, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurman EM, Malcolm RL (1983) Structural study of humic substances: new approaches and methods. In: Christman RF, Yu ZG (eds) Aquatic and terrestrial humic materials. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipping E, Hilton J, James B (1988) Dissolved organic matter in Cumbrian lakes and streams. Freshw Biol 19:371–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tipping E, Marker AFH, Butterwick C, Collett GD et al (1997) Organic carbon in the Humber rivers. Sci Total Environ 194/195:345–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P, Giwercman A, Grandjean P, Guillette LJ, Jegou B, Jensen TK, Jouannet P, Keiding N, Leffers H, McLachlan JA, Meyer O, Muller J, Meyts ER, Scheike T, Sharpe R, Sumpter J, Skakkebaek NE (1996) Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect 104(Suppl 4):741–803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tranvik LJ (1989) Bacterioplankton growth, grazing mortality and quantitative relationship to primary production in a humic and a clearwater lake. J Plankton Res 11:985–1000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tranvik LJ (1992) Allochthonous dissolved organic matter as an energy source for pelagic bacteria and the concept of the microbial loop. Hydrobiologia 229:107–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tranvik L (1998) Degradation of dissolved organic matter in humic wates by bacteria. In: Hessen DO, Tranvik L (eds) Aquatic humic substances: ecology and biogeochemistry. Springer, Berlin, pp 259–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Tranvik LJ, Hafle MG (1987) Bacterial growth in mixed cultures on dissolved organic carbon from humic and clear waters. Appl envir Microbiol 53:482–488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tranvik LJ, Jasson M (2002) Climate change—terrestrial export of organic carbon. Nature 415:861–862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tranvik LJ, Kokalj S (1998) Decreased biodegradability of algal DOC due to interactive effects of UV radiation and humic matter. Aquat Microb Ecol 14:301–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tranvik LJ, Downing JA, Cotner JB, Loiselle SA, Striegl RG, Ballatore TJ, Dillon P, Finlay K, Fortino K, Knoll LB, Kortelainen PL, Kutser T, Larsen S, Laurion I, Leech DM, McCallister SL, McKnight DM, Melack JM, Overholt E, Porter JA, Prairie Y, Renwick WH, Roland F, Sherman BS, Schindler DW, Tremblay SSA, Vanni MJ, Verschoor AM, von Wachenfeldt E, Weyhenmeyer GA (2009) Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate. Limnol Oceanogr 54:2298–2314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tratnyek PG, Macalady DL (1989) Abiotic reduction of nitro aromatic pesticides in anaerobic laboratory systems. J Agric Food Chem 37:248–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay J, Michel C, Hobson KA, Gosselin M, Price NM (2006) Bloom dynamics in early opening waters of the Arctic Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 51:900–912

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trumbore S (2000) Age of soil organic matter and soil respiration: radiocarbon constraints on below ground dynamics. Ecol Appl 10:399–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trumbore SE, Schiff SL, Aravena R, Elgood R (1992) Sources and transformation of dissolved organic carbon in the Harp Lake forested catchment: the role of soils. Radiocarbon 34:626–635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tu C-L, Liu C-Q, Lu X-H, Yuan J, Lang Y-C (2011) Sources of dissolved organic carbon in forest soils: evidences from the differences of organic carbon concentration and isotope composition studies. Environ Earth Sci 63:723–730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler CR, Jobling S, Sumpter JP (1998) Endocrine disruption in wildlife: a critical review of the evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol 28:319–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tzortziou M, Neale PJ, Osburn CL, Megonigal JP, Maie N, Jaffé R (2008) Tidal marshes as a source of optically and chemically distinctive colored dissolved organic matter in the Chesapeake Bay. Limnol Oceanogr 53:148–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchida M, Nakatsubo T, Horikoshi T, Nakane K (1998) Contribution of micro-organisms to the carbon dynamics in black spruce (Picea mariana) forest soil in Canada. Ecol Res 13:17–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchida M, Nakatsubo T, Kasai Y, Nakane K, Horikoshi T (2000) Altitude differences in organic matter mass loss and fungal biomass in a subalpine coniferous forest, Mr Fuji, Japan. Arctic Antarctic Alp Res 32:262–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vähätalo AV, Järvinen M (2007) Photochemically produced bioavailable nitrogen from biologically recalcitrant dissolved organic matter stimulates production of a nitrogen-limited microbial food web in the Baltic Sea. Limnol Oceanogr 52:132–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vähätalo AV, Salkinoja-Saonen M, Taalas P, Salnen K (2000) Spectrum of the quantum yield for photochemical mineralization of dissolved organic carbon in a humic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 45:664–676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vairavamurthy A, Wang S (2002) Organic nitrogen in geomacromolecules: insights on speciation and transformation with K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 36:3050–3056

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Woerd HJ, Blauw A, Peperzak L, Pasterkamp R, Peters S (2011) Analysis of the spatial evolution of the 2003 algal bloom in the Voordelta (North Sea). J Sea Res 65(2):195–204

    Google Scholar 

  • van Hees PAW, Jones DL, Godbold DL (2002) Biodegradation of low molecular weight organic acids in coniferous forest podzolic soil. Soil Biol Biochem 34:1261–1272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Leerdam JA, Hogenboom AC, van der Kooi MME, de Voogt P (2009) Determination of polar 1H-benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in water sample by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography LTQ FT Orbitrap massspectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom 282:99–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vantrepotte V, Brunet C, Mériaux X, Lécuyer E, Vellucci V, Santer R (2007) Bio-optical properties of coastal waters in the Eastern English Channel. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 72:201–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varela MM, Barquero S, Bode A, Fernández E, González N, Teira E, Varela M (2003) Microplanktonic regeneration of ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen in the upwelling area of the NW of Spain: Relationships with dissolved organic carbon production and phytoplankton size-structure. J Plankton Res 25(7):719–736

    Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez E, Amalfitano A, Fazi S, Butturini A (2011) Dissolved organic matter composition in a fragmented Mediterranean fluvial system under severe drought conditions. Biogeochemistry 102:59–72. doi:101007/s10533-010-9421-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veyssy E (1998) Transferts de matie`res organiques des bassins versants aux estuaries de la Gironde et de l’Adour. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bordeaux 1, p 262

    Google Scholar 

  • Vikesland PJ, Wigginton KR (2010) Nanomaterial enabled biosensors for pathogen monitoring—a review. Environ Sci Technol 44:3656–3669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vine MF, Stein L, Weigle K, Schroeder J, Degnan D, Chiu-Kit JT, Hanchette C, Backer L (2000) Effects on the immune system associated with living near a pesticide dump site. Environ Health Perspect 108:1113–1124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vione D, Falletti G, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E, Malandrino M, Ajassa R, Olariu R-I, Arsene C (2006) Sources and sinks of hydroxyl radicals upon irradiation of natural water samples. Environ Sci Technol 40:3775–3781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vione D, Lauri V, Minero C, Maurino V, Malandrino M, Carlotti ME, Olariu RI, Arsene C (2009) Photostability and photolability of dissolved organic matter upon irradiation of natural water samples under simulated sunlight. Aquat Sci 71:34–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vione D, Ponzo M, Bagnus D, Maurino V, Minero C, Carlotti ME (2010) Comparison of different probe molecules for the quantification of hydroxyl raidcals in aqueous solution. Environ Chem Lett 8:95–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vodacek A, Hoge FE, Swift RN, Yungel JK, Peltzer ET, Blough NV (1995) The use of in situ and airborne fluorescence measurements to determine UV absorption coefficients and DOC concentrations in surface waters. Limnol Oceanogr 40:411–415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voelker BM, Sulzberger B (1996) Effects of fulvic acid on Fe(II) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. Environ Sci Technol 30:1106–1114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voelker BM, Morel FMM, Sulzberger B (1997) Iron redox cycling in surface waters: effects of humic substances and light. Environ Sci Technol 31:1004–1011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voelker BM, Sedlak DL, Zafiriou OC (2000) Chemistry of superoxide radical in seawater: reactions with organic Cu complexes. Environ Sci Technol 34:1036–1042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vold RD, Vold MJ (1983) Colloid and interface chemistry. Addison-Wesley, Reading

    Google Scholar 

  • Volk CJ, Volk CB, Kaplan LA (1997) Chemical composition of biodegradable dissolved organic matter in streamwater. Limnol Oceanogr 42:39–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe V, Silvestri S, Marani M (2011) Remote sensing retrieval of suspended sediment concentration in shallow waters. Remote Sensing Environ 115:44–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vuorenmaa J, Forsius M, Mannio J (2006) Increasing trends of total organic carbon concentrations in small forest lakes in Finland from 1987 to 2003. Sci Total Environ 365:47–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wada S, Aoki MN, Tsuchiya Y, Sato T, Shinagawa H, Hama T (2007) Quantitative and qualitative analyses of dissolved organic matter released from Ecklonia cava Kjellman, in Oura Bay, Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, Japan. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 349:344–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner M, Oehlmann J (2009) Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:101007/s11356-009-0107-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagoner DB, Christman RF, Cauchon G, Paulson R (1997) Molar mass and size of Suwannee River natural organic matter using multiangle laser light scattering. Environ Sci Technol 31:937–941

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahl MH, McKellar HN, Williams TM (1997) Patterns of nutrient loading in forested and urbanized coastal streams. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 213:111–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waiser MJ, Robarts RD (2000) Changes in composition and reactivity of allochthonous DOM in a prairie saline lake. Limnol Oceanogr 45:763–774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waiser MJ, Robarts RD (2004) Photodegradation of DOC in a shallow prairie wetland: evidence from seasonal changes in DOC optical properties and chemical characteristics. Biogeochemistry 69(2):263–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakeham SG, Lee C, Hedges JI, Hernes PJ, Peterson ML (1997) Molecular indicators of diagenetic status in marine organic matter. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:5363–5369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WX, Guo L (2000) Influences of natural colloids on metal bioavailability to two marine bivalves. Environ Sci Technol 34:4571–4576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Chen RF, Gardner GB (2004) Sources and transport of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the Mississippi River estuary and adjacent coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mar Chem 89(1):241–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Litz L, Chen RF, Huang W, Feng P, Altabet MA (2007) Release of dissolved organic matter during oxic and anoxic decomposition of salt marsh cordgrass. Mar Chem 105:309–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang TW, Chamberlain E, Shi HL, Adams CD, Ma YF (2010) Identification of hydrolytic metabolites of dyfonate in alkaline aqueous solutions by using high performance liquid chromatography—UV detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Int J Environ Anal Chem 90:948–961

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward SE, Bardgett RD, McNamara NP, Adamson JK, Ostle NJ (2007) Long-term consequences of grazing and burning on northern peatland carbon dynamics. Ecosystems 10:1069–1083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wassenaar L, Hendry J, Aravena R, Fritz P, Barker J (1990) Isotopic composition (13C, 14C, 2H) and geochemistry of aquatic humic substances from groundwater. Org Geochem 15:383–396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watts CD, Naden PS, Machall J, Banks J (2001) Long term variation in water colour from Yorkshire catchments. Sci Total Environ 278:57–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss RF, Carmack EC, Koropalov VM (1991) Deep-water renewal and biological production in Lake Baikal. Nature 349:665–669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells ML (2002) Marine colloids and trace metals. In: Hansell D, Carlson C (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 367–397

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wells ML, Goldberg ED (1993) Colloid aggregation in seawater. Mar Chem 41:353–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellsbury P, Parkes RJ (1995) Acetate bioavailability and turnover in estuarine sediment. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 17:85–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wershaw RL (1992) Membrane-micelle model for humus in soils and sediments and its relation to humification. US geological survey open-file report 91-513

    Google Scholar 

  • Wershaw RL (1993) Model for humus in soils and sediments. Environ Sci Technol 27:814–816. doi:101021/es00042a603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wershaw RL (1999) Molecular aggregation of humic substances. Soil Sci 164:803–813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wetz MS, Wheeler PA (2007) Release of dissolved organic matter by coastal diatoms. Limnol Oceanogr 52:798–807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel RG (1983) Limnology, 2nd edn. Saunders College Publ, Philadelphia, p 860

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel RG (1984) Detrital dissolved and particulate organic carbon functions in aquatic ecosystems. Bull Mar Sci 35:503–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel RG (1990) Land-water interfaces: metabolic and limnological regulators Edgardo Baldi Memorial Lecture. Verh Int Ver Limnol 24:6–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel RG (1992) Gradient-dominated ecosystems: sources and regulatory functions of dissolved organic matter in freshwater ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 229:181–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel RG, Manny BA (1972) Decomposition of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen compounds from leaves in an experimental hard-water stream. Limnol Oceanogr 17:927–931

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel RG, Hatcher PG, Bianchi TS (1995) Natural photolysis by ultraviolet irradiance of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter to simple substrates for rapid bacterial metabolism. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1369–1380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler PA, Gosselin M, Sherr E, Thibault D, Kirchman DL, Benner R, Whitledge TE (1996) Active cycling of organic carbon in the central Arctic Ocean. Nature 380:697–699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler PA, Watkins JM, Hansing RL (1997) Nutrients, organic carbon and organic nitrogen in the upper water column of the Arctic Ocean: implications for the sources of dissolved organic carbon. Deep Sea Res II 44:1571–1592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White EM, Kieber DJ, Sherrard J, Miller WL, Mopper K (2010) Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide photoproduction quantum yields in the Delaware Estuary. Mar Chem 118:11–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wigington PJ, DeWalle DR et al (1996) Episodic acidification of small streams in the northeastern United States: ionic controls of episodes. Ecol Appl 6:389–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wild C, Rasheed M, Werner U, Franke U, Johnstone R, Huettel M (2004) Degradation and mineralization of coral mucus in reef environments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 267:159–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wildeboer D, Amirat L, Price RG, Abuknesha RA (2010) Rapid detection of E coli in water using a hand-held fluorescence reader. Water Res 44:2621–2628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson KJ, Negre JC, Buffle J (1997) Coagulation of colloidal material in surface waters: the role of natural organic matter. J Contam Hydrol 26(1–4):229–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willey JD, Kieber RJ, Eyman MS, Avery GB (2000) Rainwater dissolved organic carbon: concentrations and global flux. Global Biogeochem Cycles 14:139–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willey JD, Kieber RJ, Avery GB (2006) Changing chemical composition of precipitation in Wilmington, North Carolina, USA: implications for the continental USA. Environ Sci Technol 40:5675–5680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PJleB (1990) The importance of losses during microbial growth: commentary on the physiology, measurement and ecology of the release of dissolved organic material. Mar Microb Food Webs 4:175–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams PJleB (1995) Seasonal accumulation of carbon-rich dissolved organic material, its scale in comparison with changes in particulate material and the consequential effect on net C/Nassimilation ratios. Mar Chem 51:17–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PM, Druffel ERM (1987) Radiocarbon in dissolved organic matter in the central North Pacific Ocean. Nature 330:246–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams MR, Fisher TR, Melack JM (1997) Chemical composition and deposition of rain in the central Amazon, Brazil. Atmos Environ 31:207–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson CE, Olson OG, Lott SE, Walker ND, Engstrom DR, Hargreaves BR (2001) Ultraviolet radiation and zooplankton community structure following deglaciation in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecology 82:1748–1760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson SA, Weber JH (1979) An EPR study of the reduction of vanadium (V) to vanadium (IV) by fulvic acids. Chem Geol 26:345–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winn N, Williamson CE, Abbitt R, Rose K, Renwick W, Henry M, Saros J (2009) Modeling dissolved organic carbon in subalpine and alpine lakes with GIS and remote sensing. Landscape Ecol. doi:101007/s10980-009-9359-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittbrodt PR, Palmer CD (1995) Reduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Excess Soil Fulvic Acid. Environ Sci Technol 29:255–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf AA, Drake BG, Erickson JE, Megonigal JP (2007) An oxygenmediated positive feedback between elevated carbon dioxide and soil organic matter decomposition in a simulated anaerobic wetland. Global Change Biol 13:2036–2044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wombacher WD, Hornbuckle KC (2009) Synthetic musk fragrances in a conventional drinking water treatment plant with lime softening. J Environ Eng ASCE 135:1192–1198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong CKC, Leung KM, Poon BHT, Lan CY, Wong MH (2002) Organochlorine hydrocarbons in human breast milk collected in Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43:364–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood SA, Holland PT, Stirling DJ, Briggs LR, Sprosen J, Ruck JG, Wear RG (2006) Survey of cyantotoxins in New Zealand water bodies between 2001 and 2004. NZ J Mar Freshw Res 40:585–597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Burt TP (2004) Time series analysis of long term river DOC records. Hydrol Process 18:893–911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Burt T (2008) The effect of severe drought on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and flux from British rivers. J Hydrol 361:262–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Burt TP, Shedden R (2003) Long terms records of riverine carbon flux. Biogeochemistry 64:165–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Harriman R, Evans CR, Watts CD, Adamson J, Neal C, Tipping E, Burt T, Grieve I, Monteith D, Naden PS, Nisbet T, Reynolds B, Stevens P (2004a) Trends in dissolved organic carbon in UK rivers and lakes. Biogeochemistry 70:369–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Burt TP, Adamson JK (2004b) Can climate change explain increases in DOC flux from upland peat catchments? Sci Total Environ 326:95–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Burt TP, Adamson JK (2005) Fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic carbon from an upland peat catchment: implications for soil respiration. Biogeochemistry 73:515–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Burt TP, Adamson JK (2006) Trends in drought frequency—the fate of northern peatlands. Clim Chang 76:339–359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worrall F, Armstrong A, Adamson J (2007) The effects of burning and sheep-grazing on water table depth and soil water quality in an upland peat. J Hydrol 339:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu H, Gao K (2009) UV radiation-stimulated activity of extracellular carbonic anhydrase in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum Funct. Plant Biol 36:137–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu FC, Tanoue E (2001) Molecular mass distribution and fl uorescence characteristics of dissolved organic ligands for copper(II) in Lake Biwa, Japan. Org Geochem 32:11–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu FC, Tanoue E, Liu CQ (2003) Fluorescence and amino acid characteristics of molecular size fractions of DOM in the waters of Lake Biwa. Biogeochemistry 65:245–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu FC, Mills RB, Evans RD, Dillon PJ (2004) Kinetics of metal-fulvic acid complexation using a stopped-flow technique and three-dimensional excitation emission fluorescence spectrometer. Anal Chem 76:110–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu FC, Mills RB, Evans RD, Dillon PJ (2005) Photodegradation-induced changes in dissolved organic matter in acidic waters. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62:1019–1027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xenopoulos MA, Lodge DM, Frentress J, Kreps TA, Bridgham SD, Grossman E, Jackson CJ (2003) Regional comparisons of watershed determinants of dissolved organic carbon in temperate lakes from the Upper Great Lakes region and selected regions globally. Limnol Oceanogr 48:2321–2334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia K, Weesner F, Bleam WF, Bloom PR, Skyllberg UL, Helmke PA (1998) XANES studies of oxidation states of sulfur in aquatic and soil humic substances. Soil Sci Soc Am J 62:1240–1246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia K, Skyllberg UL, Bleam WF, Bloom PR, Nater EA, Helmke PA (1999) X-ray absorption spectroscopic evidence for the complexation of Hg(II) by reduced sulfur in soil humic substances. Environ Sci Technol 33(2):257–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia XH, Yu H, Yang ZF, Huang GH (2006) Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the natural waters of the Yellow River: effects of high sediment content on biodegradation. Chemosphere 65:457–466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao M, Wu FC (2011) Biogeochemical characteristics and environmental effects of low-molecularweight organic acids in lacustrine ecosystem. In: Goldsmith Conference, pp 2190

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao M, Wu FC, Liao HQ, Li W, Lee XQ, Huang RS (2009) Vertical profiles of low molecular weight organic acids in sediment porewaters of six Chinese lakes. J Hydrol 365:37–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao M, Wu FC, Zhang R, Wang L, Li X, Huang R (2011) Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China. J Environ Sci 23:1249–1256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie HX, Zafiriou OC, Cai WJ, Zepp RG, Wang YC (2004) Photooxidation and its effects on the carboxyl content of dissolved organic matter in two coastal rivers in the Southeastern United States. Environ Sci Technol 38:4113–4119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu T, Song Z, Liu J, Wang C, Wei J, Chen H (2008) Organic composition in the dry season rainwater of Guangzhou, China. Environ Geochem Health 30(1):53–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Luo F, Pal A, Gin KY-H, Reinhard M (2011) Occurrence of emerging organic contaminants in a tropical urban catchment in Singapore. Chemosphere 83:963–969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue H-B, Sigg L (1993) Free cupric ion concentration and Cu(I1) speciation in a eutrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 38:1200–1213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue H-B, Kistler D, Sigg L (1995) Competition of copper and zinc for strong ligands in a eutrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1142–1152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yacobi YZ (2006) Temporal and vertical variation of chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton photosynthetic activity and light attenuation in Lake Kinneret: possibilities and limitations for simulation by remote sensing. J Plankton Res 28:725–736

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yallop AR, Clutterbuck B (2009) Land management as a factor controlling dissolved organic carbon release from upland peat soils 1: spatial variation in DOC productivity. Sci Total Environ 407:3803–3813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yallop AR, Thacker JI, Thomas G, Stephens M, Clutterbuck B, Brewer T et al (2006) The extent and intensity of management burning in the English uplands. J Appl Ecol 43:1138–1148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yallop AR, White SM, Clutterbuck B (2008) Evidence for a mechanism driving recent observed trends in dissolved organic carbon release from upland peat soils. Asp Appl Biol 85:127–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Yallop AR, Clutterbuck B, Thacker J (2010) Increases in humic dissolved organic carbon export from upland peat catchments: the role of temperature, declining sulphur deposition and changes in land management. Clim Res 45:43–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita Y, Jaffé R (2008) Characterizing the interactions between trace metals and dissolved organic matter using excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor analysis. Environ Sci Technol 42:7374–7379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita Y, Tanoue E (2003) Distribution and alteration of amino acids in bulk DOM along a transect from bay to oceanic waters. Mar Chem 82:145–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita Y, Tanoue E (2004) In situ production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal environments. Geophys Res Lett 31:L14302. doi:101029/2004GL019734

  • Yamashita Y, Tanoue E (2008) Production of bio-refractory fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the ocean interior. Nature Geosci 1:579–582. doi:101038/ngeo279

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita Y, Jaffé R, Maie N, Tanoue E (2008) Assessing the dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal environments by excitation emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Limnol Oceanogr 53:1900–1908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan ND, Keller W, Scully NM, Lean DRS, Dillon PJ (1996) Increased UV-B penetration in a lake owing to drought-induced acidification. Nature 381:141–143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yañez M, Barbera V, Soria E, Catalan V (2009) Quantitative detection of Helicobacter pylori in water samples by real–time PCR amplification of the cag pathogenicity island gene, cage. J Appl Microbiol 107:416–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon Y, Ryu J, Oh J, Choi BG, Snyder SA (2010) Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South Korea). Sci Total Environ 408:636–643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T (1997) Phytoplanktonic carbon isotope fractionation: equations accounting for CO2-concentrating mechanisms. J Plankton Res 19:1455–1476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T, Wada E, Hayashi H (1989) Seasonal variations of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of plankton and sinking particles in Lake Kizaki. Jpn J Limnol 50:313–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T, Ueda S, Khodzher T, Bashenkhaeva N, Korovyakova I, Sorokovikova L, Gorbunova L (2002a) Distribution of dissolved organic carbon in Lake Baikal and its watershed. Limnology 3:159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T, Ueda S, Miyajima T, Wada E, Yoshida N, Sugimoto A, Vijarnsorn P, Boonprakub S (2002b) Biogeochemical properties of a tropical swamp forest ecosystem in southern Thailand. Limnology 3:51–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T, Mostofa KMG, Konohira E, Tanoue E, Hayakawa K, Takahashi M, Ueda S, Katsuyama M, Khodzher T, Bashenkhaeva N, Korovyakova I, Sorokovikova L, Gorbunova L (2007) Distribution and characteristics of molecular size fractions of freshwater dissolved organic matter in watershed environments: its implication to degradation. Limnology 8:39–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Y, Huang Q, Cui J, Zhang K, Tang C, Peng X (2011) Determination of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, and endocrine-disrupting personal care products in sewage sludge by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 399:891–902

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yue L, Wu FC, Liu C, Li W, Fu P, Bai Y, Wang L, Yin Z, Lü Z (2006) Relationship between fluorescence characteristics and molecular weight distribution of natural dissolved organic matter in Lake Hongfeng and Lake Baihua, China. Chin Sci Bull 51:89–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zagarese HE, Diaz M, Pedrozo F, Ferraro M, Cravero W, Tartarotti B (2001) Photodegradation of natural organic matter exposed to fluctuating levels of solar radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 61:35–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanardi-Lamardo E, Moore CA, Zika RG (2004) Seasonal variation in molecular mass and optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic material in coastal waters of southwest Florida. Mar Chem 89:37–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zang X, van Heemst JDH, Dria KJ, Hatcher PG (2000) Encapsulation of protein in humic acid from a histosol as an explanation for the occurrence of organic nitrogen in soil and sediment. Org Geochem 31:679–695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zauzig J, Stepniewski W, Horn R (1993) Oxygen concentration and redox potential gradient in unsaturated model soil aggregates. Soil Sci Soc Am J 57:908–916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zech W, Kogel I, Zucker A, Alt H (1985) CP-MAS-’3C-NMR spektren organischer Lagen einer Tangelrendzina. Z Pflanzenemahr Bodenk 150:262–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zellner R, Exner M, Herrmann H (1990) Absolute OH quantum yields in the laser photolysis of nitrate, nitrite and dissolved H2O2 at 308 and 351 nm in the temperature range 278–353 K. J Atmos Chem 10:411–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zepp RG, Faust BC, Hoigné J (1992) Hydroxyl radical formation in aqueous reactions (pH 3–8) of iron(II) with hydrogen peroxide: the photo-Fenton reaction. Environ Sci Technol 26:313–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zepp RG, Callaghan TV, Erickson DJ (1998) Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation on biogeochemical cycles. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 46:69–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zepp RG, Erickson DJ, Paul ND, Sulzberger B (2011) Effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycling: interactions and feedbacks. Photochem Photobiol Sci 10:261–279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J (1996) Nutrient elements in large Chinese estuaries. Cont Shelf Res 16:1023–1045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Yu ZG, Wang JT, Ren JL, Chen HT, Xiong H, Dong LX, Xu WY (1999) The subtropical Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary: nutrient, trace species and their relationship to photosynthesis. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 49:385–400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zeng X, Lin Y (2004) The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the upper ocean of the East China Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 60:369–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Wu FC, Liu CQ, Fu PQ, Li W, Wang LY, Liao HQ, Guo JY (2008) Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in different trophic sediments of lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region and Southwestern Plateau, China. Environ Pollut 152:366–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, van Dijk MA, Liu M, Zhu G, Qin B (2009) The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in eutrophic shallow lakes: field and experimental evidence. Water Res 43:4685–4697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Hudson J, Neal R, Sereda J, Clair T, Turner M, Jeffries D, Dillon P, Molot L, Somers K, Hesslein R (2010) Long-term patterns of dissolved organic carbon in lakes across eastern Canada: evidence of a pronounced climate effect. Limnol Oceanogr 55:30–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YL, Lee XQ, Cao F (2011) Chemical characteristics and sources of organic acids in precipitation at a semi-urban site in Southwest China. Atmos Environ 45:413–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao WH, Wang JT, Cui X, Ji NY (2006a) Research on fluorescence excitation and emission matrix spectra of dissolved organic matter in phytoplankton growth process. Chin High Technol Lett 16:425–430 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Z-Y, Gu J-D, Fan X-J, Li H-B (2006b) Molecular size distribution of dissolved organic matter in water of the Pearl River and trihalomethane formation characteristics with chlorine and chlorine dioxide treatments. J Hazard Mater 134:60–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao W, Wang J, Chen M (2009) Three-dimensional fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter produced by Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu Chinese. J Oceanol Limnol 27:564–569. doi:101007/s00343-009-9141-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu S, Liu C-Q (2006) Vertical patterns of stable carbon isotope in soils and particle-size fractions of karst areas, Southwest China. Environ Geol 50:1119–1127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zinder SH (1990) Conversion of acetic acid to methane by thermophiles. FEMS Microbiol Lett 75:125–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zou L, Wang XC, Callahan J, Culp RA, Chen RF, Altabet MA, Sun MY (2004) Bacterial roles in the formation of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter in estuarine and coastal waters: evidence from lipids and the compound-specific isotopic ratios. Limnol Oceanogr 49:297–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zubkov MV, Tarran GA (2008) High bacterivory by the smallest phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 455:224–226. doi:101038/nature07236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zygoura PD, Paleologos EK, Riganakos KA, Kontominas MG (2005) Determination of diethylhexyladipate and acetyltributylcitrate in aqueous extracts after cloud point extraction coupled with microwave assisted back extraction and gas chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 1093:29–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are particularly grateful to Dr. Liu Cong-Qiang, Professor and Academician; Dr. Hu Ruizhong, Professor and Director General; Dr. Wang Shijie, Professor and Vice-director; Dr. Feng Xin Bin, Professor and Vice Director; Prof. Yun Liu, Prof. Xiao Tangfu, Dr. Li Xiao-Dong, Dr. Ding Hu of Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mrs. Asma Mostofa and Mrs. Rafia Khatun for their kind assistances, constant support and inspiration during the preparations of the primary and final draft of the manuscripts. This work was financially supported by the Institute of Geochemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. This work was partly supported by Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Northwest Missouri State University, USA; Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan; University of Turin and Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Kyoto University, Japan; and Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, China. This chapter acknowledges Ramirez AJ, Mottaleb MA, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK, 2007, Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Fish Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 79 (8), 3155–3163. Copyright (2007) Americal Chemical Society; reprinted from Journal of Chromatography A, 1216 (5), Mottaleb MA, Usenko S, O’Donnell JG, Ramirez AJ, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry screening methods for select UV-filters, synthetic musks, alkylphenols, an antimicrobial agent, and an insect repellent in fish, 815–823, Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier; and copyright (2007) by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khan M. G. Mostofa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mostofa, K.M.G. et al. (2013). Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters. In: Mostofa, K., Yoshioka, T., Mottaleb, A., Vione, D. (eds) Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics