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Preparation and characterization of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals via a sustainable approach of FeCl3-catalyzed formic acid hydrolysis

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Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can be used as building blocks for the production of many renewable and sustainable nanomaterials. In this work, CNCs were produced from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp with a high yield over 75 % via FeCl3-catalyzed formic acid (FA) hydrolysis process. It was found that the particle size of resultant CNC products (F-CNC) decreased with the increase of FeCl3 dosage in FA hydrolysis, and a maximum crystallinity index of about 75 % could be achieved when the dose of FeCl3 was 0.015 M (i.e. about 7 % based on the weight of starting material). Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that F-CNC exhibited a much higher thermal stability (the decomposition temperature was over 260 °C) than S-CNC prepared by typical sulfuric acid hydrolysis. In the FeCl3-catalyzed FA hydrolysis process, FA could be easily recovered and reused, and FeCl3 could be transferred to Fe(OH)3 as a high value-added product. Thus, the FeCl3-catalyzed FA hydrolysis process could be sustainable and economically feasible. In addition, F-CNC could be well dispersed in DMSO and its dispersibility in water could be improved by a cationic surface modification.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China (Grant No. 21306216, Grant No. 31170541, Grant No. 31470609, and Grant No. 21433001), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (Grant No. 13JCZDJC29400, Grant No. 13JCZDJC33700), and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar (China) (Grant No. JQ201305).

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  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Papermaking Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China

    Haishun Du, Yimei Hong & Chuanling Si

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China

    Haishun Du, Chao Liu, Xindong Mu, Dong Lv & Bin Li

  3. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China

    Wenbo Gong

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  1. Haishun Du
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Du, H., Liu, C., Mu, X. et al. Preparation and characterization of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals via a sustainable approach of FeCl3-catalyzed formic acid hydrolysis. Cellulose 23, 2389–2407 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0963-5

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