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Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in apomictic and sexual Brachiaria brizantha

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Abstract

Brachiaria brizantha (syn. Urochloa brizantha) is an important tropical forage grass widely cultivated in Brazil. In order to optimize tissue culture conditions for B. brizantha, in vitro culture of mature seeds, basal segments and leaf segments from in vitro plants of an apomictic and a sexual genotype of B. brizantha was performed. When cultured on different media, leaf segments yielded non-embryogenic calluses which formed several roots. Friable calluses from mature seeds and basal segments explants incubated on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine yielded 80% compact and nodular embryogenic structures. Calluses with such compact embryogenic structures were highly regenerable upon transfer to medium supplemented with kinetin and naphthalene acetic acid. They produced isolated somatic embryos, multiple fused scutelli or isolated scutellum with polyembryos that germinated into isolated or multiple shoots. Green and morphologically normal plants were obtained for the two genotypes. Changing the media from pH 5.8 to pH 4.0 increased the number of explants that formed calluses as well as the number of shoots per explant. When embryogenic calluses from mature seeds were successively sub-cultured for 4 months, aiming at repetitive somatic embryogenesis, all the regenerated plants were albinos. The embryogenic nature of the compact structure was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Mônica L. Rossi, CENA-USP, for her contribution in the microscopy analysis (SEM) and NAP-MEPA, ESALQ-USP for the use of the microscopy facilities. This work was supported by research funds from Embrapa and CNPq. APM and CBV acknowledge CNPq for research fellowships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica S/N Final W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70770-900, Brazil

    G. B. Cabral, V. T. C. Carneiro, A. L. Lacerda & D. M. A. Dusi

  2. Embrapa Beef Cattle, BR 262 km 4, Caixa Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS, 79002-970, Brazil

    C. B. do Valle

  3. CENA-University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13419-970, Brazil

    G. B. Cabral & A. P. Martinelli

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  1. G. B. Cabral
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  2. V. T. C. Carneiro
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  3. A. L. Lacerda
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  4. C. B. do Valle
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Correspondence to G. B. Cabral.

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Cabral, G.B., Carneiro, V.T.C., Lacerda, A.L. et al. Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in apomictic and sexual Brachiaria brizantha . Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 107, 271–282 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-9978-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-9978-7

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