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Methylglyoxal detoxification in plants: Role of glyoxalase pathway

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Abstract

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a potent cytotoxin being produced primarily as result of non-enzymatic reactions in the living systems. The toxicity of MG is believed to be due to its ability to carry out glycation of proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids. MG can readily modify proteins and nucleic acids, forming advanced glycation end-products which results in cellular dysfunction. In order to limit MG levels, several detoxification enzymes exist in the living systems which can metabolize MG. Of these, glyoxalase pathway is considered to be the primary route of MG metabolism. Here, we have discussed the effects of MG on the functioning of different subcellular compartments and the detoxification machineries existing in these organelles to counter excess MG. We describe how MG exerts its toxic effects at the cellular level and how the cell defends itself from MG. In this context, we have highlighted the important role of glyoxalase pathway in plants. Further, we have also discussed how glycolytic products and enzymes control MG levels and how MG regulates the activity of these glycolytic products as a part of substrate and end-product regulatory mechanisms. Overall, we present a comprehensive overview of MG toxicity and detoxification in the cell and its regulation.

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Acknowledgements

CK acknowledges Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for the Grant received as DST-INSPIRE Award. SS thanks University Grants Commission for Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship. IUABC grant from IUSSTF is gratefully acknowledged by SLS-P.

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  1. Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Charanpreet Kaur, Shweta Sharma, Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek & Sudhir K. Sopory

  2. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Charanpreet Kaur

  3. Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India

    Shweta Sharma

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  1. Charanpreet Kaur
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Kaur, C., Sharma, S., Singla-Pareek, S.L. et al. Methylglyoxal detoxification in plants: Role of glyoxalase pathway. Ind J Plant Physiol. 21, 377–390 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0260-1

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