Skip to main content
Log in

Study on Fabrication and Mechanical Performance of Flax Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium 6082 Laminates

  • ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
  • Published:
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Natural fibre metal laminates are widely being researched for their mechanical properties and in the making of metal and polymer matrix composites. The hybrid metal–natural fibre laminate composites have largely improved mechanical properties and can withstand greater forces without failing. In this study, Aluminium 6082 is the metal chosen, and flax fibre is used to reinforce the Aluminium 6082. However, natural fibre and metal fibre have difficulty bonding with a polymer matrix to enhance their mechanical performance. Hence, alkaline surface treatment method is applied for flax and metal fibre to increase the adhesive strength of the material. Fabricate the treated and untreated samples using hand layup followed by compression moulding technique. The micromechanical performance including tensile strength and flexural strength of treated and untreated samples was investigated. It was found that untreated flax fibre-reinforced aluminium laminate does not have proper interfacial adhesion. The resulting fabricated sample with the treated exhibit there is an improvement in tensile and flexural properties and microstructural characterisation also examined and it showed the interfacial adhesion mechanism affected the improvement in the properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Materials

Not applicable.

References

  1. M. Ramesh, Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibre reinforced polymer composite materials: a review on preparation, properties and prospects. Prog. Mater. Sci. 102, 109–166 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Pickering, M.A. Efendy, T. Le, A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Compos. Part A Appl. S. 83, 98–112 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. L.B. Vogelesang, A. Vlot, Development of fibre metal laminates for advanced aerospace structures. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 103, 1–5 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. O. Faruk, A.K. Bledzki, H.P. Fink, M. Sain, Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37(11), 1552–1596 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Q. Zehua, X. Pan, H. Xiaoyue, Y. Guo, Y. Shen, Evaluation of nano-mechanical behavior on flax fiber metal laminates using an atomic force microscope. MDPI Mater. 12, 3363 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J.P. Singh, P. Gulati, R. Kumar, M. Singh, Flax fiber reinforced polymer composites: a review article in SSRN electronic journal. IJRAR 6, 1 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. Zhu, H. Zhu, J. Njuguna, H. Abhyanka, Recent development of flax fibres and their reinforced composites based on different polymeric matrices. Materials (Basel) 6(11), 5171–5198 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. I. Van de Weyenberg, J. Ivensa, A. De Costerb, B. Kinob, E. Baetensb, I. Verpoesta, Influence of processing and chemical treatment of flax fibres on their composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 63(9), 1241–1246 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Gassan, A.K. Bledzki, Possibilities for improving the mechanical properties of jute/epoxy composites by alkali treatment of fibres. Compos. Sci. Technol. 59(9), 1303–1309 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Chandrasekar, M. Ishak, S. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M. Jawaid, R.M. Shahroze, Fabrication of fibre metal laminate with flax and sugar palm fibre based epoxy composite and evaluation of their fatigue properties. J. Polym. Mater. 35, 463–473 (2019). https://doi.org/10.32381/JPM.2018.35.04.5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Shen, J. Zhong, S. Cai, H. Ma, Z. Qu, Y. Guo, Y. Li, Effect of temperature and water absorption on low-velocity impact damage of composites with multi-layer structured flax fiber. Materials 12(3), 453 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12030453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M.N.M. Merzuki, M.R.M. Rejab, N.K. Romli, D. Bachtiar, J. Siregar, M.F. Rani, S. Mohd Salleh, Finite element simulation of aluminium/GFRP fibre metal laminate under tensile loading. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 318, 012072 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Shahzad, Investigation into fatigue strength of natural/synthetic fiber-based composite materials, in Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering (2019), pp. 215–239

  14. N.M. Ishak, S.D. Malingam, M.R. Mansor, N. Razali, Z. Mustafa, A.F. Ab Ghani, Investigation of natural fibre metal laminate as car front hood. Mater. Res. Express 8(2), 025303 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. P.M. Waghmare, P.G. Bedmutha, S.B. Sollapur, Investigation of effect of hybridization and layering patterns on mechanical properties of banana and kenaf fibers reinforced epoxy biocomposite. Mater. Today Proc. 46, 3220–3224 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D. Saravanan, Tribological properties of filler and green filler reinforced polymer composites. Mater. Today Proc. 50, 2065–2072 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S.H. Ghaffar, M. Al-Kheetan, P. Ewens, Investigation of the interfacial bonding between flax/wool twine and various cementitious matrices in mortar composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 239, 11783 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. U.A. Khilare, S.B. Sollapur, Investigation of residual stresses and its effect on mechanical behaviour of AISI310. Int. J. Sci. Prog. Res. (Ijspr) 12, 035 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. U.A. Khilare et al., Investigation of residual stresses in welding and its effect on mechanical behavior of stainless steel 310. J. Res. 2, 05 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  20. K.O. Odesanya, R. Ahmadl, M. Jawaid, Natural fibre-reinforced composite for ballistic applications: a review. J. Polym. Environ. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02169-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. G. R. Chate, et al., Ceramic material coatings: emerging future applications, in Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Emerging Applications (Elsevier, 2023), pp. 3–17.

  22. M.S. Patil, S.P. Deshmukh, Experimental investigation of high precision XY mechanism. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol. 9(5), 43–50 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Ostapiuk, J. Bieniaś, Corrosion resistance in NaCl environment of fiber metal laminates based on aluminum and titanium alloys with carbon and glass fibers. Adv. Eng. Mater. 23(3), 2001030 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. K.P. Toradmal, P.M. Waghmare, S.B. Sollapur, Three point bending analysis of honeycomb sandwich panels: experimental approach. Int. J. Eng. Tech. 3, 5 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  25. M.S. Patil, S.P. Deshmukh, Design and development aspects of flexure mechanism for high precision application. AIP Conf. Proc. 1943(1), 020023 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Sun, Y. Pan, G. Wu, X. Wang, P. Zeng, L. Hei, L. Wang, Corrosion characteristics and protection of fiber metal laminates based on Mg–Li alloys. Mater. Res. Express 5(9), 096517 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Z. Qu, X. Pan, X. Hu, Y. Guo, Y. Shen, Evaluation of nano-mechanical behavior on flax fiber metal laminates using an atomic force microscope. Materials 12(20), 3363 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. T. Shinde et al., Fatigue analysis of alloy wheel using cornering fatigue test and its weight optimization. Mater. Today Proc. 62, 1470–1474 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Sollapur, M.S. Patil, S.P. Deshmukh, Position estimator algorithm implementation on precision applications. Mater. Today Proc. 24, 333–342 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. I. Van de Weyenberg, J. Ivens, A. De Coster, B. Kino, E. Baetens, I. Verpoest, Influence of processing and chemical treatment of flax fibres on their composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 63(9), 1241–1246 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Shahzad, Investigation into fatigue strength of natural/synthetic fiber-based composite materials, in Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites (Woodhead Publishing, 2019), pp. 215–239

  32. S.B. Sollpaur, M.S. Patil, S.P. Deshmukh, Evaluation of stiffness and parametric modelling of XY flexure mechanism for precision applications. J. Model. Simul. Mater. 1(1), 8–15 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. P.M. Waghmare, P.G. Bedmutha, Review on mechanical properties of banana fiber biocomposite. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 5(10), 847 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. C. Durga Prasad, S. Kollur, C.R. Aprameya, T.V. Chandramouli, T. Jagadeesha, B.N. Prashanth, Investigations on tribological and microstructure characteristics of WC-12Co/FeNiCrMo composite coating by HVOF process. JOM J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. TMS (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-06242-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Gotagunaki, V.S. Mudakappanavar, R. Suresh, C. Durga Prasad, Studies on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of an AZ91D magnesium metal matrix composite utilizing the stir casting method. Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-023-01017-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Sangwan, R. Kumar, Y. Sharma, D.G. Bhosale, C. Durga Prasad, Application of computing in recognition of input design factors for vapour-grown carbon nanofibers through fuzzy cluster analysis. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manufact. (IJIDeM). (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01547-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. K.S. Lokesh, K. Shashank Kumar, N. Keerthan, R. Revanth, S. Sandeep, S.B. Lakkundi, V. Bharath, H. Hanumanthappa, C. Durga Prasad, B.K. Shanmugam, Experimental analysis of the rice husk and eggshell powder-based natural fibre composite. J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. D (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00557-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. G. Srinivasa Rao, U. Mukkamala, C. Harish Hanumanthappa, D. Prasad, H. Vasudev, B. Shanmugam, KCh.. Kishore Kumar, Evaluating and optimizing surface roughness using genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks during turning of AISI 52100 steel. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. IJIDeM (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01549-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. C. Manjunatha, T.N. Sreenivasa, P. Sanjay, C. Durga Prasad, Optimization of friction stir welding parameters to enhance weld nugget hardness in AA6061-B4C composite material. J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. D (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00562-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Arunadevi, R. Monisha Rani, M.K. Sibinraj, C.D. Chandru Prasad, Comparison of k-nearest neighbor and artificial neural network prediction in the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Mater. Today Proc. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.09.111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. H. Sharanabasava, M. Raviprakash, C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Ramesh, M.V. Phanibhushana, H. Vasudev, S. Kumar, Microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of SiC and Mo reinforced NiCr microwave cladding. Adv. Mater. Process. Technol. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2023.2257937

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. C. Durga Prasad, S. Kollur, M. Nusrathulla, G. Satheesh Babu, M.B. Hanamantraygouda, B.N. Prashanth, N. Nagabhushana, Characterisation and wear behaviour of SiC reinforced FeNiCrMo composite coating by HVOF process. Trans. IMF 1, 21 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2246259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. M.A. Kattimani, P.R. Venkatesh, L.J. Kirthan, M.M. Math, A.C. Prapul Chandra, R. Hegde, C. Durga Prasad, M. Gupta, S. Kumar, Design and optimization of fatigue life studies on induction hardened IN718 alloy for gas turbine applications. Adv. Mater. Process. Technol. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2023.2256121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. A.K.R. Tavadi, N. Nagabhushana, V.N. Vivek Bhandarkar, T. Jagadeesha, M.R. Kerur, S. Rudresha, C. Durga Prasad, A. Rajesh Kannan, D.G. Mohan, Investigation on mechanical and sliding wear behaviour of pongamia-oil-cake/basalt fibre reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08207-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M.A. Kattimani, P.R. Venkatesh, H. Masum, M.M. Math, V.N. Bahadurdesai, C. Syed Mustafkhadri, D. Prasad, H. Vasudev, Design and numerical analysis of tensile deformation and fracture properties of induction hardened Inconel 718 superalloy for gas turbine applications. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01452-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. A. Rajesh Kannan, C. Durga Prasad, V. Rajkumar, N. Siva Shanmugam, V. Rajkumar, W. Lee, J. Yoon, Hot oxidation and corrosion behaviour of boiler steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing. Mater Charact 203, 113113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. G.S. Kulkarni, N.G. Siddeshkumar, C. Durga Prasad, L. Shankar, R. Suresh, Drilling of GFRP with liquid silicon rubber reinforced with fine aluminium powder on hole surface quality and tool wear using DOE. J. Bio Tribo Corros. 9, 53 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-023-00771-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. S.D. Kulkarni, C.U. Manjunatha, K.V. Manjunath, C. Durga Prasad, H. Vasudev, Design and optimization of polyvinyl-nitride rubber for tensile strength analysis. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01405-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. M.M. Math, K.V.S. Rajeswara Rao, A.C. Prapul Chandra, M.N. Vijayakumar, B. Nandini, C. Durga Prasad, H. Vasudev, Design and modeling using finite element analysis for the sitting posture of computer users based on ergonomic perspective. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01383-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. G. Madhu Sudana Reddy, C. Durga Prasad, S. Kollur, A. Lakshmikanthan, R. Suresh, C.R. Aprameya, Investigation of high temperature erosion behaviour of NiCrAlY/TiO2 plasma coatings on titanium substrate. JOM J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. (TMS) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-05894-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. S. Pulla Nagabhushana, C.D. Ramprasad, H.V. Prasad, C. Prakash, Numerical investigation on heat transfer of a nano-fluid saturated vertical composite porous channel packed between two fluid layers. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01379-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. G. Anjaneya, S. Sunil, S. Kakkeri, M.M. Math, M.N. Vaibhav, C. Solaimuthu, C. Durga Prasad, H. Vasudev, Numerical simulation of microchannel heat exchanger using CFD. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01376-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Poojari, C. Harish Hanumanthappa, D. Prasad, H.M. Jathanna, A.R. Ksheerasagar, P. Shetty, B.K. Shanmugam, H. Vasudev, Computational modelling for the manufacturing of solar-powered multifunctional agricultural robot. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01291-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. H. Sharanabasva, C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Ramesh, Characterization and wear behavior of NiCrMoSi microwave cladding. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-07998-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. C.J. Manjunatha, C. Durga Prasad, H. Hanumanthappa, A. Rajesh Kannan, D.G. Mohan, B.K. Shanmugam, C. Venkategowda, Influence of microstructural characteristics on wear and corrosion behaviour of Si3N4 reinforced Al2219 composites. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2023, 1120569 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1120569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. H. Sharanabasva, C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Ramesh, Effect of Mo and SiC reinforced NiCr microwave cladding on microstructure, mechanical and wear properties”. J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. D (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-022-00445-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. H.S. Nithin, K.M. Nishchitha, D.G. Pradeep, C. Durga Prasad, M. Mathapati, Comparative analysis of CoCrAlY coatings at high temperature oxidation behavior using different reinforcement composition profiles. Weld. World 67, 585–592 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-022-01405-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. D.C. Naveen, N. Kakur, B.S. Keerthi Gowda, G. Madhu Sudana Reddy, C. Durga Prasad, R. Shanmugam, Effects of polypropylene waste addition as coarse aggregate in concrete: experimental characterization and statistical analysis. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2022, 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7886722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. G. Madhusudana Reddy, C. Durga Prasad, P. Patil, N. Kakur, M.R. Ramesh, Elevated temperature erosion performance of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY/TiO2 coating on MDN 420 steel substrate. Surf. Topogr. Metrol. Prop. 10, 025010 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ac6a6e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. V. Gowda, H. Hanumanthappa, B.K. Shanmugam, C. Durga Prasad, T.N. Sreenivasa, M.S. Rajendra Kumar, High-temperature tribological studies on hot forged Al6061-Tib2 in-situ composites. J. Bio Tribo-Corros. 8, 101 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00699-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. G. Madhusudana Reddy, C. Durga Prasad, G. Shetty, M.R. Ramesh, T. Nageswara Rao, P. Patil, Investigation of thermally sprayed NiCrAlY/TiO2 and NiCrAlY/Cr2O3/YSZ cermet composite coatings on titanium alloys. Eng. Res. Express 4, 025049 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac7946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. G. Madhusudana Reddy, C. Durga Prasad, G. Shetty, M.R. Ramesh, T. Nageswara Rao, P. Patil, High temperature oxidation behavior of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY/TiO2 and NiCrAlY /Cr2O3/YSZ coatings on titanium alloy. Weld. World (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-022-01268-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. T. Naik, C. Mahantayya Mathapathi, D. Prasad, H.S. Nithin, M.R. Ramesh, Effect of laser post treatment on microstructural and sliding wear behavior of HVOF sprayed NiCrC and NiCrSi coatings. Surf. Rev. Lett. 29(1), 225000 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X2250007X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. G. Madhusudana Reddy, C. Durga Prasad, G. Shetty, M.R. Ramesh, T. Nageswara Rao, P. Patil, High temperature oxidation studies of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY/TiO2 and NiCrAlY /Cr2O3/YSZ cermet composite coatings on MDN-420 special steel alloy. Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. 10, 642–651 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-021-00784-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Mathapati, C. Kiran Amate, D. Prasad, M.L. Jayavardhana, T. Hemanth Raju, A review on fly ash utilization. Mater. Today Proc. 50(5), 1535–1540 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. C. Durga Prasad, S. Lingappa, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, S.B. Ramesh, Characterization and sliding wear behavior of CoMoCrSi+Flyash composite cladding processed by microwave irradiation. Mater. Today Proc. 46, 2387–2391 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. G. Madhu, K.M. Mrityunjaya Swamy, D.A. Kumar, C. Durga Prasad, U. Harish, Evaluation of hot corrosion behavior of HVOF thermally sprayed Cr3C2–35NiCr coating on SS 304 boiler tube steel. Am. Inst. Phys. 2316, 030014 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0038279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, M.S. Ramesh, Srinath, Microstructure and tribological resistance of flame sprayed CoMoCrSi/WC-CrC-Ni and CoMoCrSi/WC-12Co composite coatings remelted by microwave hybrid heating. J. Bio Tribo-Corros. 6, 124 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00421-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, Ramesh, Comparative investigation of HVOF and flame sprayed CoMoCrSi coating. Am. Inst. Phys. 2247, 050004 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0003883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. M.S. Reddy, C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Pradeep Patil, N.R. Ramesh, Hot corrosion behavior of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY/TiO2 and NiCrAlY/Cr2O3/YSZ cermets coatings on alloy steel. Surf. Interfaces 22, 100810 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Akhil Jerri Ramesh, Characterization and sliding wear behavior of iron based metallic coating deposited by HVOF process on low carbon steel substrate. J. Bio Tribo-Corros. 6, 69 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00366-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. R. Dinesh, S. Rohan Raykar, T.L. Rakesh, M.G. Prajwal, M. Shashank Lingappa, P.C. Durga, Feasibility study on MoCoCrSi/ WC-Co cladding developed on austenitic stainless steel using microwave hybrid heating. J. Mines Met. Fuels (2021). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/30113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, M.S. Ramesh, B.H. Srinath, Channabasappa, Comparison of high temperature wear behavior of microwave assisted HVOF sprayed CoMoCrSi-WC-CrC-Ni/WC-12Co composite coatings. SILICON 12, 3027–3045 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00398-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. N. Praveen, U.S. Mallik, A.G. Shivasiddaramaih, R. Suresh, C. Durga Prasad, L. Shivaramu, Synthesis and wire EDM characteristics of Cu–Al–Mn ternary shape memory alloys using Taguchi method. J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. D (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00501-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, M.S. Ramesh, B.H. Srinath, Channabasappa, Effect of microwave heating on microstructure and elevated temperature adhesive wear behavior of HVOF deposited CoMoCrSi-Cr3C2 composite coating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 374, 291–304 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.05.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. K.G. Girisha, K.V. Sreenivas Rao, C. Durga Prasad, Slurry erosion resistance of martenistic stainless steel with plasma sprayed Al2O3–40%TiO2 coatings. Mater. Today Proc. 5, 7388–7393 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, M.S. Ramesh, B.H. Srinath, Channabasappa, Development and sliding wear behavior of Co–Mo–Cr–Si cladding through microwave heating. SILICON 11, 2975–2986 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-0084-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, M.S. Ramesh, B.H. Srinath, Channabasappa, Microstructure and tribological behavior of flame sprayed and microwave fused CoMoCrSi/CoMoCrSi-Cr3C2 coatings. Mater. Res. Express 6, 026512 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aaebd9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. K.G. Girisha, R. Rakesh, C. Durga Prasad, K.V. Sreenivas Rao, Development of corrosion resistance coating for AISI 410 grade steel”. Appl. Mech. Mater. 813–814, 135–139 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.813-814.135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, M.S. Ramesh, B.H. Srinath, Channabasappa, Influence of microwave hybrid heating on the sliding wear behaviour of HVOF sprayed CoMoCrSi coating. Mater. Res. Express 5, 086519 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aad44e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. C. Durga Prasad, M.R. Sharnappa Joladarashi, A.S. Ramesh, High temperature gradient cobalt based clad developed using microwave hybrid heating. Am. Inst. Phys. 1943, 020111 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5029687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. K.G. Girisha, C. Durga Prasad, K.C. Anil, K.V. Sreenivas Rao, Dry sliding wear behaviour of Al2O3 coatings for AISI 410 grade stainless steel. Appl. Mech. Mater. 766–767, 585–589 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.766-767.585

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to M. Vinod or Prakash Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vinod, M., Kumar, C.A., Sollapur, S.B. et al. Study on Fabrication and Mechanical Performance of Flax Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium 6082 Laminates. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00605-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00605-4

Keywords

Navigation