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Hairy root biotechnology—indicative timeline to understand missing links and future outlook

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Abstract

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy roots (HR) were developed in the laboratory to mimic the natural phenomenon of bacterial gene transfer and occurrence of disease syndrome. The timeline analysis revealed that during 90 s, the research expanded to the hairy root-based secondary metabolite production and different yield enhancement strategies like media optimization, up-scaling, metabolic engineering etc. An outlook indicates that much emphasis has been given to the strategies that are helpful in making this technology more practical in terms of high productivity at low cost. However, a sequential analysis of literature shows that this technique is upgraded to a biotechnology platform where different intra- and interdisciplinary work areas were established, progressed, and diverged to provide scientific benefits of various hairy root-based applications like phytoremediation, molecular farming, biotransformation, etc. In the present scenario, this biotechnology research platform includes (a) elemental research like hairy root-mediated secondary metabolite production coupled with productivity enhancement strategies and (b) HR-based functional research. The latter comprised of hairy root-based applied aspects such as generation of agro-economical traits in plants, production of high value as well as less hazardous molecules through biotransformation/farming and remediation, respectively. This review presents an indicative timeline portrayal of hairy root research reflected by a chronology of research outputs. The timeline also reveals a progressive trend in the state-of-art global advances in hairy root biotechnology. Furthermore, the review also discusses ideas to explore missing links and to deal with the challenges in future progression and prospects of research in all related fields of this important area of plant biotechnology.

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Abbreviations

HRCs:

Hairy root cultures

ME:

Metabolic engineering

GE:

Genetic engineering

SM:

Secondary metabolites

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to the Director, CIMAP (CSIR), for providing the facilities. Financial support rendered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, to SM and by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, to VS is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Vikas Srivastava

    Present address: National Institute of Plant Genome Research, P.O. Box 10531, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110 067, India

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  1. Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, PO: CIMAP, Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India

    Shakti Mehrotra, Vikas Srivastava, Laiq Ur Rahman & A. K. Kukreja

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Fig. S1

Comparison of angiosperm families explored for the generation of hairy root cultures. The number of genera explored in each family is given in parentheses. Data collected from SCOPUS, PubMed, and Sci-Finder database (DOC 290 kb)

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Mehrotra, S., Srivastava, V., Rahman, L.U. et al. Hairy root biotechnology—indicative timeline to understand missing links and future outlook. Protoplasma 252, 1189–1201 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0761-1

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