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Medicinal Plants , Engineering of Secondary Metabolites in Cell Cultures

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Sustainable Food Production

Definition of the Subject

Plants are the most excellent designers and producers of a variety of small compounds that are beneficial to mankind as foods, medicines, and industrial raw materials. The use of medicinal plants for human health dates back to ancient history of mankind. The first written document of the use of medicinal plants can be found in Papyrus Ebers (1800 BC). Even if the use of certain medicinal plants was known to treat certain diseases – often using the trial-and-error approach – it is only less than 200 years ago the isolation of the first active chemical constituent (secondary metabolite) responsible for its pharmacological effect occurred. Today, many plant-derived compounds are used in pharmaceutical industry , and plants also serve as an important source for new lead compounds.

Many plants containing high-value secondary metabolites are difficult to cultivate or are becoming endangered because of the overharvesting. Furthermore, the chemical synthesis of...

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Abbreviations

Bioreactor:

A fermentor in which plant cell cultures can be cultivated in sterile, controlled, and contained condition for biotechnological production of cell biomass and/or particular protein or small molecule.

Medicinal plants:

Plants that are used for medicinal purposes; whole plants or specific plant organs or compounds derived thereof can be utilized.

Metabolic engineering:

A process to understand metabolic pathways; a targeted alteration of metabolic pathways with the aim of improved yield, quality, and/or spectrum of produced metabolites.

Plant cell culture:

Process where plant cells are cultivated under controlled conditions; may consist of differentiated tissues or organs (e.g., shoots, roots, embryos, stems) or undifferentiated cells (e.g., callus, suspension cultures).

Secondary metabolites:

Low molecular weight compounds with enormous chemical diversity often found in plants in small amounts essential for plants’ defense system; many secondary metabolites are used as pharmaceuticals, dyes, flavors, and fragrances by humans.

Transgene:

A gene that has been transferred from one organism to another.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been financially supported by the SmartCell project (nr. 222176) from European Commission Framework 7 programme.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland

    Suvi T. Häkkinen, Anneli Ritala, Heiko Rischer & K.-M. Oksman-Caldentey

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  1. Suvi T. Häkkinen
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  2. Anneli Ritala
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  3. Heiko Rischer
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  4. K.-M. Oksman-Caldentey
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to K.-M. Oksman-Caldentey .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department de Produccio Vegetal i Ciencia Forestal, Universitat de Lleida/ICREA, Lleida, Spain

    Paul Christou

  2. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain

    Paul Christou

  3. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    Roxana Savin

  4. University of New England, Marine Science Center, Biddeford, ME, USA

    Barry A. Costa-Pierce

  5. Department of Animal and Dairy Science Breeding and Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Ignacy Misztal

  6. The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Developmental Biology, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK

    C. Bruce A. Whitelaw

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Häkkinen, S.T., Ritala, A., Rischer, H., Oksman-Caldentey, KM. (2013). Medicinal Plants , Engineering of Secondary Metabolites in Cell Cultures . In: Christou, P., Savin, R., Costa-Pierce, B.A., Misztal, I., Whitelaw, C.B.A. (eds) Sustainable Food Production. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_387

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