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Bone Material Properties in Bone Diseases Affecting Children

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Metabolic and genetic bone disorders affect not only bone mass but often also the bone material, including degree of mineralization, matrix organization, and lacunar porosity. The quality of juvenile bone is moreover highly influenced by skeletal growth. This review aims to provide a compact summary of the present knowledge on the complex interplay between bone modeling and remodeling during skeletal growth and to alert the reader to the complexity of bone tissue characteristics in children with bone disorders.

Recent Findings

We describe cellular events together with the characteristics of the different tissues and organic matrix organization (cartilage, woven and lamellar bone) occurring during linear growth. Subsequently, we present typical alterations thereof in disorders leading to over-mineralized bone matrix compared to those associated with low or normal mineral content based on bone biopsy studies.

Summary

Growth spurts or growth retardation might amplify or mask disease-related alterations in bone material, which makes the interpretation of bone tissue findings in children complex and challenging.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Austrian Social Health Insurance Fund (OEGK), the Austrian Workers’ Compensation Board (AUVA), and the Vienna Bone and Growth Center (VBGC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Adalbert Raimann

  2. Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria

    Adalbert Raimann, Barbara M. Misof & Nadja Fratzl-Zelman

  3. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria

    Barbara M. Misof & Nadja Fratzl-Zelman

  4. Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany

    Peter Fratzl

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AR received research funding and non-related honoraria for consultancy and scientific presentations from Kyowa Kirin. BMM, PF, and NFZ received no funding and declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Raimann, A., Misof, B.M., Fratzl, P. et al. Bone Material Properties in Bone Diseases Affecting Children. Curr Osteoporos Rep 21, 787–805 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-023-00822-6

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