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Doubled Haploidy: An Accelerated Breeding Tool for Stress Resilience Breeding in Cereals

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Next-Generation Plant Breeding Approaches for Stress Resilience in Cereal Crops

Abstract

Doubled haploid (DH) technology in cereals has emerged as a promising tool for accelerating the development of completely homozygous lines in a much shorter time than conventional breeding methods. The rapid doubled haploid line production method reduces the breeding cycle’s length and increases the genetic gain. In cereals, mainly conventional approaches, such as in vitro and in planta methods, have been employed to generate haploids that are subsequently converted to doubled haploids by spontaneous or induced chromosome doubling. The use of in vitro methods is limited owing to genotypic specificity and tissue culture dependence. In planta methods prevent the need for difficult tissue culture procedures and enhance the haploid recovery rate. Further, haploid induction through inducer lines can generate the haploid embryos when crossed with other plants. In cereals, the availability of commercially usable maternal and paternal haploid inducers at present is limited to maize. Mutations in the genomic region coding for phospholipases, MTL, NLD and PLA1, have been established to be responsible for the haploid induction in maize and other cereals such as rice. With the technology advancement, improved and highly efficient genetic engineering methods lead to the development of haploid inducers. MTL gene is targeted with CRISPR/Cas9 for haploid induction in maize and rice. The present updates on the genetic and molecular basis of doubled haploidy have opened new cereal breeding prospects for undertaking targeted and precise genetic improvement programmes in a shorter time. Doubled haploidy can be integrated with marker-assisted breeding to fix favourable alleles of multiple traits in a single DH line. The technology can also be used for unlocking the genetic variability present in the unexploited germplasm/landraces, CMS line production and reverse breeding. DH breeding’s future is promising due to the availability of robust DH production protocols and closer integration with marker-assisted technologies.

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Correspondence to Devender Sharma .

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Sharma, D., Gahtyari, N.C., Sharma, P., Khulbe, R.K., Pal, R.S., Kant, L. (2022). Doubled Haploidy: An Accelerated Breeding Tool for Stress Resilience Breeding in Cereals. In: Gowdra Mallikarjuna, M., Nayaka, S.C., Kaul, T. (eds) Next-Generation Plant Breeding Approaches for Stress Resilience in Cereal Crops. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1445-4_6

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