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Diversity in Xylan-degrading Prokaryotes and Xylanolytic Enzymes and Their Bioprospects

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Microbial Diversity in Ecosystem Sustainability and Biotechnological Applications

Abstract

Heterogenous nature of xylan leads to the multiplicity in xylanolytic enzymes for its complete degradation, where β-1,4-endoxylanases and β-xylosidases play a key role due to their direct action on glycosidic linkages of xylan backbone. α-Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.139), α-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.99), acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.6), and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) are the other prominent players in the xylanolytic enzyme system. Xylan-degrading enzymes are produced by a large number of bacteria and a few archaea. These share a major chunk of industrially relevant enzymes because of their immense potential and widespread applications in several industries that include food/feed, paper, textile, oil extraction, bioethanol, prebiotics, and de-inking waste paper. Microorganisms are a rich source of xylanolytic enzymes. Xylanases produced by bacteria and archaea are functional in broader pH (5.0–10.0) and temperature (30–100 °C) ranges. Easiness in cultivation, rapid growth rates, and well-established methods of DNA manipulations make bacteria preferred microbes over others for xylanase production. This chapter deals with the diversity of bacteria and archaea which produce a variety of xylan-hydrolyzing enzymes and their widespread applications.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, and Indo-US Science & Technology Forum, New Delhi, for awarding Faculty Fellowship and financial assistance to one of us (TS) while writing this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Digvijay Verma

  2. Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Ravi Kumar & Tulasi Satyanarayana

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  1. Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Tulasi Satyanarayana

  2. Division of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India

    Subrata Kumar Das

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Bhavdish Narain Johri

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Verma, D., Kumar, R., Satyanarayana, T. (2019). Diversity in Xylan-degrading Prokaryotes and Xylanolytic Enzymes and Their Bioprospects. In: Satyanarayana, T., Das, S., Johri, B. (eds) Microbial Diversity in Ecosystem Sustainability and Biotechnological Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8487-5_14

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