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Hydrocephalus and Surgical Solutions for It

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Pediatric Neurosurgery Board Review

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Abstract

Hydrocephalus is not a disease by itself but a condition caused by an underlying pathology leading to a heterogeneity of clinical pictures. In addition, changing anatomy and different levels of activity during childhood development makes it a changing clinical condition over time. Therapy of hydrocephalus is mainly surgical and is directed towards either diversion or redistribution of CSF. Therapeutic options include temporary treatment of CSF relieve, which are mainly applied during neonatal period. Permanent treatment options include pure endoscopic techniques, shunt implantation and the combination of both. The pure endoscopic technique mainly indicates reestablishing communication between isolated compartments and may be augmented by choroid plexus cauterization to reduce CSF production. Neuroendoscopic lavage is supposed to clear intraventricular debris in order to reduce subsequent complications. Shunt implantation is indicated in communicating hydrocephalus with the biggest challenge to avoid short and long term complications. Hydrocephalus, especially in pediatric patients, is considered a complex disease, which needs profound knowledge and experience for adequate categorization, optimal surgical treatment and decent follow up.

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  1. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany

    U.-W. Thomale

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  1. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Semmes-Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA

    Nir Shimony

  2. David Goldenberg Family Endowed Chair, Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA

    George Jallo

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Thomale, UW. (2023). Hydrocephalus and Surgical Solutions for It. In: Shimony, N., Jallo, G. (eds) Pediatric Neurosurgery Board Review. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23687-7_3

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