Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Hydrocephalus in aqueductal stenosis

  • Special Annual Issue
  • Published:
Child's Nervous System Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

The sylvian aqueduct is the most common site of intraventricular blockage of the cerebro-spinal fluid. Clinical aspects, neuroradiological appearance, and treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis are specific.

Methods

An extensive literature review concerning etiologic, pathogenetic, clinical, and neuroradiological aspects has been performed. Therapeutic options, prognosis, and intellectual outcome are also reviewed.

Conclusion

The correct interpretation of the modern neuroradiologic techniques may help in selecting adequate treatment between the two main options (third ventriculostomy or shunting). In the last decades, endoscopic third ventriculostomy has become the first-line treatment of aqueductal stenosis; however, some issues, such as the cause of failures in well selected patients, long-term outcome in infant treated with ETV, and effect of persistent ventriculomegaly on neuropsychological developmental, remain unanswered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26
Fig. 27

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Barrer SJ, Schut L, Bruce DA (1980) Global rostral midbrain dysfunction secondary to shunt malfunction and hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 7:322–325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bateman GA (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of compliance and collateral flow in late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis: venous pathophysiology revisited. J Neurosurg 107:951–958

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Beems T, Grotenhuis A (2002) Is the success rate of third ventriculostomy agedependent? An analysis of the results of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in young children. Childs Nerv Syst 18:605–608

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Berger L, Gauthier S, Leblanc R (1958) Akinetic mutism and parkinsonism associated with obstructive hydrocephalus. Can J Neurol Sci 12:255–258

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bickers DS, Adams RD (1949) Hereditary stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius as a cause of congenital hydrocephalus. Brain 72:246–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bleasel AF, Ell JJ, Johnston I (1992) Pretectal syndrome and ventricular shunt dysfunction. Neuro-Ophthalmol 12:193–196

    Google Scholar 

  7. Boop FA (2004) Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 121–131

    Google Scholar 

  8. Borenstein DG, Jacobs RP (1982) Aqueductal stenosis: a possible late sequela of central nervous system inflammation in systemic lupus. South Med J 75:475–477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Brockmeyer D, Abtin K, Carey L, Walker M (1998) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: an outcome analysis. Pediatr Neurosurg 28:236–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brunelle F (2004) Dynamic MRI of cerebro-spinal fluid in children. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 397–403

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brunelle F (2004) Modern imaging of hydrocephalus. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 79–93

    Google Scholar 

  12. Büttner-Ennever JA, Büttner U, Cohen B, Baumgartner G (1982) Vertical gaze paralysis and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Brain 105:125–149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Castro-Cago M, Alonso A, Eiris-Punal (1996) Autosomal recessive hydrocephalus with aqueductal stenosis. Child’s Nerv Syst 12:188–191

    Google Scholar 

  14. Catala M (2004) Development of the cerebro-spinal fluid pathways during embryonic and fetal life in humans. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 19–45

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chatta AS, Delong GR (1975) Sylvian aqueduct syndrome as a sign of acute obstructive hydrocephalus in children. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 38:288–296

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cinalli G, Cappabianca P, de Falco R, Spennato P, Cianciulli E, Cavallo LM, Esposito F, Ruggiero C, Maggi G, de Divitiis E (2005) Current state and future development of intracranial neuroendoscopic surgery. Expert Rev Med Devices 2:351–373

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cinalli G, Sainte-Rose C, Chumas P, Zerah M, Brunelle F, Lot G, Pierre-Kahn A, Renier D (1999) Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children. J Neurosurg 90:448–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cinalli G, Sainte-Rose C, Simon I, Lot G, Sgouros S (1999) Sylvian aqueduct syndrome and global rostral midbrain dysfunction associated to shunt malfunction. J Neurosurg 90:227–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cinalli G, Salazar C, Mallucci C, Yada JZ, Zerah M, Sainte-Rose C (1998) The role of third ventriculostomy in the management of shunt malfunction. Neurosurgery 43:1323–1329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cinalli G, Spennato P, Cianciulli E, D’Armiento M (2004) Hydrocephalus and aqueductal stenosis. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 280–293

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cinalli G, Spennato P, Columbano L, Ruggiero C, Aliberti F, Trischitta V, Buonocore MC, Cianciulli E (2010) Neuroendoscopic treatment of arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern: a series of 14 cases. J Neurosurg Pediatr 6:489–497

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Cinalli G, Spennato P, Del Basso De Caro ML, Buonocore MC (2004) Hydrocephalus and Dandy–Walker malformation. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 259–277

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cinalli G, Spennato P, Ruggiero C, Aliberti F, Maggi G (2004) Aqueductal stenosis 9 years after mumps meningo-encephalitis. Treatment by endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Childs Nerv Syst 20:61–64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Citrin CM, Sherman JL, Gangarosa RE, Scanlon D (1984) Physiology of the CSF flow-void sign: modification by cardiac gating. AJNR 7:1021–1024

    Google Scholar 

  25. Conner ES, Foley L, Black PM (1984) Experimental normal-pressure hydrocephalus is accompanied by increased transmantle pressure. J Neurosurg 61:322–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Curran T, Lang AE (1994) Parkinsonian syndromes associated with hydrocephalus: case reports, a review of the literature and pathophysiological hypotheses. Mov Disord 9:508–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Czosnyka M, Czosnyka ZH, Whitfield PC (2004) Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 47–63

    Google Scholar 

  28. de Ribaupierre S, Rilliet B, Vernet O, Regli L, Villemure J-G (2007) Third ventriculostomy vs ventriculoperitoneal shunt in pediatric obstructive hydrocephalus: results from a Swiss series and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst 23:527–533

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Di Rocco C, Cinalli G, Massimi L, Spennato P, Cianciulli E, Tamburrini G (2006) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 31:119–219

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Di Rocco C, Di Trapani G, Pettorossi VE, Caldarelli M (1979) On the pathology of experimental hydrocephalus induced by artificial increase in endoventricular CSF pulse pressure. Childs Brain 5:81–95

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Di Rocco C, Iannelli A, Tamburrini G (1995) Idrocefalo da stenosi dell’acquedotto ad insorgenza tardiva. Minerva Pediatr 47:511–520

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Dirks PB (2004) Genetics of hydrocephalus. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  33. Edwards JH (1961) The syndrome of sex-linked hydrocephalus. Aech Dis Child 36:486–493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Emery JL, Staschak MC (1972) The size and form of cerebral aqueduct in children. Brain 95:591–598

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Faggin R, Bernardo A, Stieg P, Perilongo G, d ’ Avella D (2009) Hydrocephalus in infants less than six months of age: effectiveness of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Eur J Pediatr Surg 19:216–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fritsch MJ, Kienke S, Manwaring KH, Mehdorn HM (2004) Endoscopic aqueductoplasty and interventriculostomy for the treatment of isolated fourth ventricle in children. Neurosurgery 55:372–379

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Fukuhara T, Luciano M (2001) Clinical features of late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis. Surg Neuro 55:132–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Fukuhara T, Vorster SJ, Luciano MG (2000) Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 46:1100–1111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gatto M, Micheli F, Pardal MF (1990) Blepharoclonus and parkinsonism associated with aqueductal stenosis. Mov Disord 5:310–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Goumnerova LC, Frim D (1997) Treatment of hydrocephalus with third ventriculostomy: outcome and CSF flow patterns. Pediatr Neurosurg 27:149–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Greitz D (2004) Radiological assessment of hydrocephalus: new theories and implications for therapy. Neurosurg Rev 27:145–165

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hanigan WC, Morgan A, Shaaban A, Bradle P (1991) Surgical treatment and neurodevelopment outcome for infants with idiopathic aqueductal stenosis. Child’s Nerv Syst 7:386–390

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Harrison MJG, Robert CM, Uttley D (1974) Benign aqueductal stenosis in adults. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37:1322–1328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hellwig D, Grotenhuis JA, Tirakotai W, Riegel T, Schulte DM, Bauer BL, Bertalanffy H (2005) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus. Neurosurg Rev 28:1–34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hirsch JF, Hirsch E, Sainte-Rose C, Renier D, Pierre-Khan A (1986) Stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (etiology and treatment). J Neurosurg Sci 30:29–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hirsch JF (1982) Percutaneous ventriculocisternostomies in non-communicating hydrocephalus. Monogr neural Sci 8:170–178

    Google Scholar 

  47. Høffman HJ, Harwood-Nash D, Gilday DL (1980) Percutaneous third ventriculostomy in the management of non-communicating hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 7:313–321

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hopf NJ, Grunert P, Fries G, Resch KD, Perneczky A (1999) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: outcome analysis of 100 consecutive procedures. Neurosurgery 44:795–804

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Jacobson EE, Fletcher DF, Morgan MK, Johnston IH (1999) Computer modelling of the CSF flow dynamics of aqueductal stenosis. Med Biol Eng Comput 37:59–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jacobson EE, Fletcher DF, Morgan MK, Johnston IH (1996) Fluid dynamics of the cerebral aqueduct. Pediatr Neurosurg 24:229–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Jellinger G (1986) Anatomopathology of nontumoral aqueductal stenosis. J Neurosurg Sci 30:1–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Johnson RT, Johnson KP, Edmonds CJ (1967) Virus-induced hydrocephalus: development of aqueductal stenosis in hamsters after mumps infection. Science 157:1066–1067

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Johnson RT, Yates PO (1956) Clinico-pathological aspects of pressure changes at tentorium. Acta radiol 46:242–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Johnston IH, Kowman-Giles R, Whittle IR (1984) The arrest of treated hydrocephalus in children. A radionuclide study. J Neurosurg 61:752–756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Jones RF, Kwok BC, Stening WA, Vonau M (1996) Third ventriculostomy in patients with spinal dysraphism. Indications and contraindications. Eur J Pediatr Surg 6(suppl):5–6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Jones RFC, Stening WA, Brydon M (1990) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Neurosurgery 26:86–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kaiser G (1985) Hydrocephalus following toxoplasmosis. Z Kinderchir 40(Suppl 1):10–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kaufmann GE, Clark K (1970) Continuous simultaneous monitoring of intraventricular and cervical subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid pressure to indicate development of cerebral or tonsillar herniation. J Neurosurg 33:135–140

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kemp SS, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT, Hackney DB, Goldberg HI, Grossman RI (1987) Magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral aqueduct. Neuroradiology 29:430–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kim S-K, Wang K-C, Cho B-K (2000) Surgical outcome of pediatric hydrocephalus treated by endoscopic III ventriculostomy: prognostic factors and interpretation of postoperative neuroimaging. Child’s Nerv Syst 16:161–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kulkarni AV, Drake JM, Kestle JR, Mallucci CL, Sgouros S, Constantini S (2010) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy vs cerebrospinal fluid shunt in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children: a propensity score-adjusted analysis. Neurosurgery 67:588–593

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Kulkarni AV, Hui S, Shams I, Donnelly R (2010) Quality of life in obstructive hydrocephalus: endoscopic third ventriculostomy compared to cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Childs Nerv Syst 26:75–79

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Laitt RD, Mallucci CL, Jaspan T, McConachie NS, Vloeberghs M, Punt J (1999) Constructive interference in steady state 3D Fourier transform MRI in the management of hydrocephalus and third ventriculostomy. Neuroradiology 41:324–327

    Google Scholar 

  64. Landrieu O, Ninane J, Ferriere G, Lyon G (1979) Aqueductal stenosis in X-linked hydrocephalus: a secondary phenomenon? Dev Med Child Neurol 21:637–652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lapras C, Bret P, Patet JD, Huppert J, Honorato D (1986) Hydrocephalus and aqueductal stenosis. Direct surgical treatment by interventriculostomy (aqueduct cannulation). J Neurosurg Sci 30:47–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Lapras C, Bret P, Tommasi M, Derex MC, Duquesnel J, Nicolas A, Chacornac R, Jouvet A (1980) Les sténoses de l’aqueduc de Sylvius. Neurochirurgie 26(Suppl 1):1–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Lee BCP (1987) Magnetic resonance imaging of peri-aqueductal lesions. Clin Radiol 38:527–533

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Levitsky DB, Mack LA, Nyberg DA, Shurtleff DB, Shields LA, Nghiem HV, Cyr DR (1995) Fetal aqueductal stenosis diagnosed sonographically: how grave is the prognosis? AJR Am J Roentgenol 164:725–730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Little JR, Houser OW, MacCarty CS (1975) Clinical manifestations of aqueductal stenosis in adults. J Neurosurg 43:546–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Longatti P, Fiorindi A, Perin A, Martinuzzi A (2007) Endoscopic anatomy of the cerebral aqueduct. Neurosurgery 61(3 Suppl):1–5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. McConachie (2004) The CISS sequenze in the pre-operative assessment of neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 405–410

    Google Scholar 

  72. McCullough DC, Balzer-Martin LA (1982) Current prognosis in overt neonatal hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 57:378–383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Mise B, Klarica M, Seiwerth S, Bulat M (1996) Experimental hydrocephalus and hydromyelia: a new insight in mechanism of their development. Acta Neurochir 138:862–869

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Mott M, Cummins B (1974) Hydrocephalus related to pulsion diverticulum of lateral ventricle. Arch Dis Child 49:407–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Naidich TP, McLone DG, Hahn YS, Hanaway J (1982) Atrial diverticula in severe hydrocephalus. AJNR 3:257–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Naidich TP, Schott LH, Baron RL (1982) Computed tomography in evaluation of hydrocephalus. Radiol Clin North Am 20:143–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Nugent GR, Al-Mefty O, Chou S (1979) Communicating hydrocephalus as a cause of aqueductal stenosis. J Neurosurg 51:812–818

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. O’Brien DF, Javadpour M, Collins DR, Spennato P, Mallucci CL (2005) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: an outcome analysis of primary cases and procedures performed after ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. J Neurosurg 103(5 Suppl):393–400

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Oi S, Matsumoto S (1986) Pathophysiology of aqueductal obstruction in isolated IV ventricle after shunting. Child’s Nerv Syst 2:282–286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Oi S, Shimoda M, Shibata M, Honda Y, Togo K, Shinoda M, Tsugane R, Sato O (2000) Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults. J Neurosurg 92:933–940

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Pascual-Castroviejo I, Pascual-Pascual SI, Velázquez-Fragua R, Viaño J, Carceller-Benito F (2007) Aqueductal stenosis in the neurofibromatosis type 1. Presentation of 19 infantile patients. Rev Neurol 45:18–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pollack IF, Pang D, Albright AL (1994) The long-term outcome in children with late-onset aqueductal stenosis resulting from benign intrinsic tectal tumors. J Neurosurg 80:681–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Quencer RM, Donovan Post MJ, Hinks RS (1990) Cine MR in the evaluation of normal and abnormal CSF flow: intracranial and intraspinal studies. Neuroradiology 32:371–391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Raimondi AJ, Clark SJ, McLone DG (1976) Pathogenesis of aqueductal occlusion in congenital murine hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 45:66–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Raimondi AJ, Samuelson G, Yarzagaray L, Norton T (1969) Atresia of the foramen of Luschka and Magendie: the Dandy-Walker cyst. J Neursurg 31:202–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Renier D, Saint-Rose C, Pierre-Kahn A, Hirsch JF (1988) Prenatal hydrocephalus: outcome and prognosis. Child’s Nerv Syst 4:213–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Robertson JA, Leggate JRS, Miller JD (1990) Aqueductal stenosis—presentation and prognosis. Br J Neurosurg 4:101–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Rosenthal A, Jouet M, Kenwrick S (1992) Aberrant splicing of neural cell adhesion molecules L1 mRNA in a family with X-linked hydrocephalus. Nature Genet 2:107–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Rotilio A, d’Avella D, de Blasi F, del Vivo RE, Salar G, Carteri A (1986) Disendocrine manifestations during non tumoral aqueductal stenosis. J Neurosurg Sci 30:71–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Rotilio A, Salar G, Dollo C, Ori C, Carteri A (1985) Aqueductal stenosis following mumps infection. Case report. Ital J Neurol Sci 6:237–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Russell DS (1949) Observations on the pathology of hydrocephalus. Medical Research Council Special Report Series No. 265. His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London

  92. Sainte-Rose C (1992) Third ventriculostomy. In: Manwaring KH, Crone KR (eds) Neuroendoscopy. Mary Ann Liebert, New York, pp 47–62

    Google Scholar 

  93. Schrander-Stumpel C, Vos YJ (1993–2004) L1 syndrome. In: Pagon RA, Bird TC, Dolan CR, Stephens K (eds) GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; Apr 28 [updated 2006 Oct 20].

  94. Schroeder HWS, Gaab MR (1999) Endoscopic aqueductoplasty: technique and results. Neurosurgery 45:508–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Senat MV, Bernard JP, Delezoidë A, Saugier-Veber P, Hillion Y, Roume J, Ville Y (2001) Prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus-stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius by ultrasound in the first trimester of pregnancy. Report of two cases. Prenat Diagn 21:1129–1132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Shah N, Kale K (1999) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in a case of aqueductal stenosis. J Indian Med Assoc 97(501):503

    Google Scholar 

  97. Shallat RF, Pawl RP, Jerva MJ (1973) Significance of upward gaze palsy (Parinaud’s syndrome) in hydrocephalus due to shunt malfunction. J Neurosurg 38:717–721

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Sherman JL, Citrin CM, Gangarosa RE, Bowen BJ (1986) The MR appearance of CSF flow in patients with ventriculomegaly. AJNR 7:1025–1031

    Google Scholar 

  99. Siomin V, Cinalli G, Grotenhuis A, Golash A, Oi S, Kothbauer K, Weiner H, Roth J, Beni-Adani L, Pierre-Kahn A, Takahashi Y, Mallucci C, Abbott R, Wisoff J, Constantini S (2002) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with cerebrospinal fluid infection and/or hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 97:519–524

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Spadaro A, Ambrosio D, Moraci A, Conforti R, Albanese V (1986) Aqueductal stenosis as isolated localization involving the central nervous system in children affected by von Recklinghausen disease. J Neurosurg Sci 30:87–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Spennato P, Cinalli G, Carannante G, Ruggiero C, Del Basso De Caro ML (2004) Multiloculated hydrocephalus. In: Cinalli C, Maixner WJ, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric hydrocephalus. Springer, Milan, pp 219–244

    Google Scholar 

  102. Stellman GR, Bannister CM, Hillier V (1986) The incidence of seizures disorders in children with congenital and acquired hydrocephalus. Z Kinderchir 41(Suppl 1):38–41

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Stoquart-El Sankari S, Lehmann P, Gondry-Jouet C, Fichten A, Godefroy O, Meyer ME, Baledent O (2009) Phase-contrast MR imaging support for the diagnosis of aqueductal stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:209–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Sufianov AA, Sufianova GZ, Iakimov IA (2010) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients younger than 2 years: outcome analysis of 41 hydrocephalus cases. J Neurosurg Pediatrics 5:392–401

    Google Scholar 

  105. Teo C, Jones R (1996) Management of hydrocephalus by endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with myelomeningocele. Pediatr Neurosurg 25:57–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Teo C (1998) Third ventriculostomy in the treatment of hydrocephalus: experience with more than 120 cases. In: Hellwig D, Bauer B (eds) Minimally invasive techniques for neurosurgery. Springer, Berlin, pp 73–76

    Google Scholar 

  107. Tisell M, Edsbagge M, Stephenson H, Czosnyka M, Wikkelsø (2002) Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis. Neurosurgery 50:70–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Tuli S, Alshail E, Drake JM (1999) Third ventriculostomy versus cerebrospinal fluid shunt as a first procedure in pediatric hydrocephalus. Pediatr Neurosurg 30:11–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Turnbull IM, Drake CG (1966) Membranous occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius. J Neurosurg 24:24–33

    Google Scholar 

  110. Van Gijn J (2001) Franciscus Sylvius (1614–1672). J Neurol 248:915–916

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Vanneste J, Hyman R (1986) Non-tumoral aqueductal stenosis and normal pressure hydrocephalus in the elderly. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49:529–535

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Villani R, Tomei G, Gaini SM, Grimoldi N, Spagnoli D, Bello L (1995) Long-term outcome in aqueductal stenosis. Child’s Nerv Syst 11:180–185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Vindigni G, Del Fabro P, Facchin P, De Nardi F, Cecotto C (1986) On the neurological complications of internal and external shunt in patients with non-neoplastic stenosis of the aqueduct. J Neurosurg Sci 30:83–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Wakai S, Narita J, Hashimoto K, Nagai M (1983) Diverticulum of the lateral ventricle causing cerebellar ataxia. Case report. J Neurosurg 59:895–898

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Warf BC (2005) Comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone and combined with choroid plexus cauterization in infants younger than 1 year of age: a prospective study in 550 African children. J Neurosurg 103(6 Suppl):475–481

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Wolinsky JS (1977) Mumps virus induced hydrocephalus in hamsters. Ultrastructure of the chronic infection. Lab Invest 37:229–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Yamasaki M, Arita N, Hiraga S, Izumoto S, Morimoto K, Nakatani S, Fujitani K, Sato N, Hayakawa T (1995) A clinical and neuroradiological study of X-linked hydrocephalus in Japan. J Neurosurg 83:50–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono Children’s Hospital, Via Mario Fiore n. 6, 80129, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Cinalli, Pietro Spennato, Ferdinando Aliberti, Vincenzo Trischitta, Claudio Ruggiero & Giuseppe Mirone

  2. Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Anna Nastro & Emilio Cianciulli

Authors
  1. Giuseppe Cinalli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pietro Spennato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anna Nastro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ferdinando Aliberti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vincenzo Trischitta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Claudio Ruggiero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Giuseppe Mirone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Emilio Cianciulli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Cinalli.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cinalli, G., Spennato, P., Nastro, A. et al. Hydrocephalus in aqueductal stenosis. Childs Nerv Syst 27, 1621–1642 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1546-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1546-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation