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New Trends in Fungal Biooxidation

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Industrial Applications

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 10))

Abstract

Biooxidations using isolated biocatalysts for the oxidative conversion of organic compounds and materials are becoming more and more important in the industrial sector. Research in this direction is part of the rapidly developing field of White Biotechnology and is carried out not least against the background of sustainable development and the need to replace environmentally risky technologies by eco-friendly processes. Whereas whole cells are already widely used as oxidative biocatalysts, the application of isolated enzymes is still limited to a few examples. One reason for that is the cost-intensive production and laborious purification of enzymes which are mostly intracellular and sometimes membrane-bound proteins with low stability and complex co-factor requirements. The use of secreted oxidoreductases offers several advantages: they are easier to separate and purify, need only cheap co-substrates such as dioxygen or peroxides and are far more stable than intracellular enzymes. Filamentous fungi secrete a broad spectrum of oxidative biocatalysts which are involved, amongst others, in the degradation of recalcitrant biopolymers, the synthesis of melanins as well as the detoxification of plant ingredients, microbial metabolites and organopollutants. We focus here on novel secreted enzymes - peroxygenases and DyP-type peroxidases - with remarkable catalytic properties. Furthermore selected features of “classic” fungal oxidoreductases, such as laccase, tyrosinase and chloroperoxidase, are discussed against the background of innovative recent developments in the field of enzyme application.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In earlier publications AaP is also referred to as Agrocybe aegerita peroxidase, or haloperoxidase–peroxygenase (e.g. Ullrich et al. 2004; Ullrich and Hofrichter 2005; Hofrichter and Ullrich 2006; Kluge et al. 2007)

  2. 2.

    Unlike many other aldehydes, p-nitrobenzaldehyde just slowly exchanges the carbonyl oxygen with water and therefore, the 18O-label could be detected by mass spectrometric analysis.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank M. Pecyna, M. Kinne, M. Inge Kluge, S. Peter, C. Liers, K. Barková, M. Poraj-Kobielska and G. Gröbe for still unpublished results on aromatic peroxygenases. The work in our laboratories was supported by the European Union (integrated project Biorenew), the Deutsche Bundestiftung Umwelt (DBU; projects Pilzliche Peroxygenasen and Pilzliche Sekretome), the Bundesministerium für Forschung (BMBF) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; projects FUPERS and FUNWOOD).

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    Martin Hofrichter & René Ullrich

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    Martin Hofrichter

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Hofrichter, M., Ullrich, R. (2011). New Trends in Fungal Biooxidation. In: Hofrichter, M. (eds) Industrial Applications. The Mycota, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11458-8_21

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