Abstract
Soil-borne pathogens have economic significance regarding the damage they cause to crop production worldwide. Arid lands are even more susceptible to soil-borne pathogens damage due to climate extremes such as high temperature and evapotranspiration to precipitation ratio that limits the diversity of crops. More so, some soil-borne pathogens are highly adapted to arid lands' high soil temperature and water limitations. Chemical controls like fungicides and bactericides are widely used in managing soil-borne diseases, but they come at a significant environmental, health, and agricultural cost. On the other hand, biological control of soil-borne pathogens is relatively environment-friendly, safe, has no reported effect on human and animal health, and can improve soil health for optimum ecosystem functioning. Thus, this review presents an overview of soil-borne pathogens infestation in arid lands and the potential of using biological control agents (BCAs) in managing plant disease outbreaks. Some common pathogens in arid lands include Fusarium spp. (pathogenic), Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Meloidogyne incognita. Investigations have, however, revealed effective BCAs against soil-borne pathogens, and some examples include Bacillus cereus, Streptomyces atrovirens, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma harzianum, Pythium oligandrum, and Enterobacter amnigenus. The most common mechanisms used by BCAs for controlling soil-borne pathogens include antibiosis, induced systemic resistance, parasitism (mycoparasitism), antagonism, competition for nutrients and space, and indirect plant growth promotion. Recent advances in molecular biology, such as metabarcoding and biomarker transformation, offer promising ways to increase the success rates with the use of BCAs under field conditions. This study suggests that the effectiveness of BCAs can be further enhanced with the addition of soil organic amendments coupled with the cultivation of arid lands adapted crops such as agave and Opuntia spp.
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Sulaiman, M.A., Bello, S.K. Biological control of soil-borne pathogens in arid lands: a review. J Plant Dis Prot 131, 293–313 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00824-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00824-7