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2G-biofuel ethanol: an overview of crucial operations, advances and limitations

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Abstract

From year to year, mankind is struggling with an increasing climate crisis. Constant climate change is related to human activities. The global dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels to meet our current energy needs cannot be sustained longer in the face of depleting fuel reserves. Particular attention should be paid to biofuels produced from lignocellulosic biomass, which is a waste product from the forestry, paper and agricultural industries, or a product derived from energy crops, intended for biofuel purposes. A problem that arises when using lignocellulosic biomass is the limited availability of fermentable sugars due to its complicated structure. For this reason, various methods of pretreatment of the raw material are used. The aim of the pretreatment is to increase the availability of cellulose for hydrolytic enzymes and to separate the main fractions of the lignocellulosic material, mainly the lignin molecule. After pretreatment and hydrolysis, the monomeric sugars are further processed into ethanol through the fermentation process. The last stages in biotechnological lignocellulose conversion are the distillation and dehydration process to obtain pure biofuel. This work is a review of the literature on second-generation biofuels produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Issues ranging from various types of raw materials, methods of its pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation with the participation of various microorganisms, to various methods of dehydration of the obtained bioethanol were discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Process Engineering, Equipment and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 1 St., 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland

    Natalia Kordala, Marcin Walter, Bartosz Brzozowski & Małgorzata Lewandowska

  2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki 4 Sq., 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland

    Natalia Kordala

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  1. Natalia Kordala
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  2. Marcin Walter
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  4. Małgorzata Lewandowska
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Kordala, N., Walter, M., Brzozowski, B. et al. 2G-biofuel ethanol: an overview of crucial operations, advances and limitations. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 2983–3006 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02861-y

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