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Differential Role of Silicon and Rhizoglomus intraradices in Modulating Amide and Ureide Metabolism of Seasonally Different Legume Species Subjected to Nickel Toxicity

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Abstract

Nickel (Ni) toxicity disrupts the cellular processes and is detrimental for plant growth and development. Silicon (Si) and AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) alleviate heavy metal stress induced toxic responses in plants. Although Fabaceae members are considered low Si accumulators, however, variations in their ability for Si uptake have been reported. Present study compared the individual and cumulative roles of Si and AM (R. irregularis) in alleviating Ni (150 mg/kg) toxicity in three seasonally different legume species namely chickpea (HC3), mungbean (Pusa-9531) and pigeonpea (Pusa-2002). Presence of Ni in the root rhizosphere declined growth, nitrogen fixing ability, N-assimilation and yield attributes, with chickpea displaying highest sensitivity, mungbean showcasing moderate tolerance, while pigeonpea having maximum resistance against metal stress. AM and Si were highly beneficial in mitigating the toxic effects of Ni especially in pigeonpea followed by mungbean and chickpea. The higher beneficial effects of AM could be related to its ability in improving soil enzymatic activities, nutrient availability and reduced metal uptake. Moreover, AM symbiosis complemented rhizobial symbiosis by improving nodulation potential, trehalose turnover, thus leading to higher ammonia assimilation, ureide and amide synthesis as well as their transport. Interestingly, mycorrhization significantly induced Si uptake and therefore, their co-applications (+ Si + AM) proved to be most effective in alleviating Ni toxicity in all three legume species with maximum positive impacts displayed by pigeonpea. Hence, study suggested the need of exploring more legume species having an ability to uptake Si and establish efficient AM symbiosis in order to reduce Ni toxicity.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the currentstudy are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Pulse Laboratory and TERI, New Delhi, India for providing biological material for research and LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) located in at SAIF (Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility), Panjab University, Chandigarh.

Funding

The authors would like to thank Department of Biotechnology (DBT),Government of India[BT/PR13409/BPA/118/122/2015] for financial assistance for undertaking the research.

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    Kanika Thakur & Neera Garg

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The corresponding author (NG) designed and monitored the research experiments. The first author (KT) performed the experiments under direct supervision and involvement of the corresponding author (NG). Both authors have contributed equally in preparation of manuscript.

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Correspondence to Neera Garg.

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Thakur, K., Garg, N. Differential Role of Silicon and Rhizoglomus intraradices in Modulating Amide and Ureide Metabolism of Seasonally Different Legume Species Subjected to Nickel Toxicity. Silicon 15, 7499–7522 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02599-w

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