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Interactive effects of polyamines and arbuscular mycorrhiza in modulating plant biomass, N2 fixation, ureide, and trehalose metabolism in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. genotypes under nickel stress

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Abstract

Nickel (Ni) is an essential micronutrient but considered toxic for plant growth when present in excess in the soil. Polyamines (PAs) and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) play key roles in alleviating metal toxicity in plants. Present study compared the roles of AM and PAs in improving rhizobial symbiosis, ureide, and trehalose (Tre) metabolism under Ni stress in Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) genotypes (Pusa 2001, AL 201). The results documented significant negative impacts of Ni on plant biomass, especially roots, more in AL 201 than Pusa 2001. Symbiotic efficiency with Rhizobium and AM declined under Ni stress, resulting in reduced AM colonization, N2 fixation, and ureide biosynthesis. This decline was proportionate to increased Ni uptake in roots and nodules. Put-reduced Ni uptake improved plant growth and functional efficiency of nodules and ureides synthesis, with higher positive effects than other PAs. However, AM inoculations were most effective in enhancing nodulation, nitrogen fixing potential, and Tre synthesis under Ni toxicity. Combined applications of AM with respective PAs, especially +Put+AM, were highly beneficial in alleviating Ni-induced nodule senescence by arresting leghemoglobin degradation and improving functional efficiency of nodules by boosting Tre metabolism, especially in Pusa 2001. The study suggested use of Put along with AM as a promising approach in imparting Ni tolerance to pigeon pea plants.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for providing financial support in undertaking this research work. We are also thankful to PAU, Panjab; IARI, New Delhi, India; and The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI), New Delhi, for providing the biological research materials. The authors are also thankful to Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, for WD-XRF analysis.

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  1. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Neera Garg & Kiran Saroy

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  1. Neera Garg
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  2. Kiran Saroy
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Correspondence to Neera Garg.

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Highlights

• Ni stress negatively affects growth and mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses in pigeon pea

• Among the three PAs (Put, Spd, Spm), Put is most effective in alleviating Ni stress

• AM is more effective than PAs in improving biomass, ureide, and trehalose biosynthesis

• PAs complemented AM by enhancing symbiotic efficiency and nutrient acquisition

• +Put+AM is identified as a promising approach in imparting Ni tolerance to pigeon pea

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Garg, N., Saroy, K. Interactive effects of polyamines and arbuscular mycorrhiza in modulating plant biomass, N2 fixation, ureide, and trehalose metabolism in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. genotypes under nickel stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 3043–3064 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07300-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07300-6

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