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Antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in the Middle East: a systematic review

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Abstract

Foodborne pathogens are known as significant public health hazards worldwide, particularly in the Middle East region. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among foodborne pathogens becomes one of the top challenges for the environment, public health, and food safety sectors. However, less is known about antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in the Middle East region. Possibly because of the lack of surveillance, documentation, and reporting. This review focuses on the current status of antimicrobial resistance profiling among foodborne pathogens in the Middle East. Therefore, PubMed and other relevant databases were searched following PRISMA guidelines. Subject heading and texts were searched for “antimicrobial resistances,” “foodborne,” and “Middle East” to identify observational studies on AMR foodborne pathogens published during the last 10 years (2011 to 2020). Article retrieval and screening were done using a structured search string and strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Median and interquartile ranges of percent resistance were calculated for each antibiotic-bacterium combination. A total of 249 articles were included in the final analysis from ten countries, where only five countries had more than 85% of the included articles. The most commonly reported pathogens were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria spp. An apparent rise in drug resistance among foodborne pathogens was recorded particularly against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline that are commonly prescribed in most countries in the Middle East. Besides, there is a lack of standardization and quality control for microbiological identification and susceptibility testing methods in many of the Middle East countries.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the financial support provided by Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

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We acknowledge the financial support provided by Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, 662251452, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah F. Alsayeqh

  2. Al-Qalubia Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qalubia, Egypt

    Amany Hassan Attia Baz

  3. Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

    Wageh Sobhy Darwish

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  1. Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
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AFA collected the research materials, funded the work, and drafted the manuscript. AHAB performed the data analysis and drafted the manuscript. WSD designed the study and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Alsayeqh, A.F., Baz, A.H.A. & Darwish, W.S. Antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in the Middle East: a systematic review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 68111–68133 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17070-9

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