Abstract
Modern triticale breeding is focusing on combining biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Cultivation of varieties resistant to fungal pathogens is an economically and environmentally beneficial means and may lead to reducing the use of fungicides. Molecular markers are necessary for accumulation of advantageous alleles in the best genotypes by means of marker-assisted and genomic selection approaches. In present research, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with powdery mildew resistance at the adult plant stage were evaluated in order to provide effective selection tools. Testing of the 'Hewo' x 'Magnat' DH population in multiple environments under natural infestation revealed 20 QTL on three wheat (4A, 3B, 4B) and four rye (2R, 4R, 5R, 6R) chromosomes. QTL explained 8.1%–29.3% of phenotypic variation depending of the trait, location and year of the experiment. Main QTL with effect exceeding 15% were found on chromosomes 3B, 4B, 2R, 5R and 6R. QTL and candidate genes located on chromosomes 4B, 2R, 5R and 6R were reported for the first time. Additionally, for all QTL, 21 candidate genes associated with the PM resistance were revealed. Predicted function of protein encoded by these genes include triggering a defense system which restricts the pathogen growth as well as enzyme activity, regulation of hormone-activated pathways, transcriptional corepressor complex and cell wall construction. Availability of QTL, molecular markers together with candidate genes linked with the powdery mildew resistance can be validated on triticale lines and varieties and then used in marker-assisted selection to improve breeding of triticale.
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Abbreviations
- Add:
-
Additive effect
- APR:
-
Adult plant resistance
- AUDPC:
-
Area under disease progress curve
- avPM:
-
Average value of powdery mildew infection
- CIM:
-
Composite interval mapping
- cM:
-
Centimorgan
- DArT:
-
Diversity arrays technology
- DArT-seq:
-
Diversity arrays technology sequencing
- DH:
-
Doubled haploids
- FHB:
-
Fusarium Head blight
- GS:
-
Genomic selection
- LOD:
-
Logarithm of the odds
- MAS:
-
Marker-assisted selection
- NGS:
-
Next generation sequencing
- PM:
-
Powdery mildew
- Pm :
-
Powdery mildew resistance gene
- QTL:
-
Quantitative trait loci
- RFLP:
-
Restriction fragments length polymorphism
- RIL:
-
Recombinant inbred line
- SSR:
-
Simple sequence repeats
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Acknowledgements
We want to thank Małgorzata Niewińska from DANKO Plant Breeders Ltd for taking care of triticale phenotyping.
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This research was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development, Project GENMARK: PBS1/A8/1/2012. The work was also financed by WPBU/2022/04/0006 statutory research project of the Pedagogical University of Cracow.
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MD—Performing the experiments, QTL and statistical analysis, results validation and main manuscript author; MT—genetic map construction, contributing author and text consulting; GG—in silico candidate genes analysis and physical QTL comparison, contributing author and text consulting; MR—planning the experiments, obtaining the funding and text consulting; MW—planning and supervision of the experiments, obtaining the funding and text consulting. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Dyda, M., Tyrka, M., Gołębiowska, G. et al. Mapping of QTL and candidate genes associated with powdery mildew resistance in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.). Plant Growth Regul 98, 103–115 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00836-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00836-7