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Isolation of cellulose nanofibrils from Triodia pungens via different mechanical methods

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Abstract

Triodia pungens is one of the 69 species of an Australian native arid grass which covers approximately 27 % of the Australian landmass. In this study, we report that very long and thin cellulose nanofibrils can readily be isolated from Triodia pungens biomass using unrivalled mild chemical pulping, followed by several mechanical fibrillation methods. After a typical pulping process which includes washing, delignification and bleaching steps, mechanical fibrillation was performed via high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication and high energy ball milling using relatively minimal energy in all approaches. Cellulose nanofibrils with an average diameter of below 10 nm and a length of several microns were obtained. It also has been shown that the nanofibrils obtained from Triodia pungens have a crystallinity index of about 69 %, and a thermal stability of up to 320 °C. The sheets produced from high aspect ratio nanofibrils prepared by high pressure homogenization, also demonstrated a very high work at fracture. By evaluating the deconstruction strategies and the performance of nanofibril sheets, we report that the high-performance cellulose nanofibrils can be processed from arid grass bleached pulp with unusually low energy input.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Australian Research Council (under ARC Discovery Grant No. DP0877161). They also acknowledge the Aboriginal collaborator, Dugalunji Aboriginal Corporation in Camooweal for project support, leadership, and the supply of grass. The authors acknowledge the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance, of the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland and Dr Isabel Marrow for taking images.

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  1. Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Nasim Amiralian, Pratheep K. Annamalai & Darren J. Martin

  2. Aboriginal Environments Research Centre (AERC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Paul Memmott

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  1. Nasim Amiralian
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  2. Pratheep K. Annamalai
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Correspondence to Darren J. Martin.

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Amiralian, N., Annamalai, P.K., Memmott, P. et al. Isolation of cellulose nanofibrils from Triodia pungens via different mechanical methods. Cellulose 22, 2483–2498 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0688-x

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