Abstract
Novel and low-cost blended polymers were created based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as host polymer matrix doped with nano ZnCo2-xAlxO4 samples with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via sol–gel and casting procedures. The structure and morphology of the studied samples were explored. Compared to an undoped PVA/PVP/PEG blend, a doped blend is better at absorbing visible light. Doped blend with 10% Al in the absence of MWCNTs showed the maximum absorbance, but the blend doped with MWCNTs and 20% Al nanofiller had the highest absorbance. The blend's reflectivity changed depending on the quantity of Al in ZnCo2-xAlxO4 (with and without MWCNTs). The lowest direct and indirect optical bandgap energies (5.16 and 4.65) eV were obtained as the blend loaded with filler contained 20% Al and MWCNTs. Blend ed polymer with 20% Al and MWCNTs exhibited the highest refractive index value. The optical dielectric constant, optical conductivity, nonlinear optical parameters and fluorescence spectra were affected by the amount of Al and the existence of MWCNTs in the blends. The blend displayed a significant raise in ac conductivity when loaded with nanofiller included 20% Al and MWCNTs. The maximum energy density value can be obtained as the blend doped with filler contained only 20% Al. Every blend had one relaxation time, with the exception of the blend doped with ZnCo1.8Al0.2O4 (containing MWCNTs), displayed two relaxation times. The dopant affects the capacitance of the different blends. PVA/PVP/PEG/ZnCo2-xAlxO4 blends (with and without MWCNTs) have been considered promising nanocomposites for flexible optoelectronic and energy storage applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
References
Z.K. Heiba, A.M. El-naggar, A.M. Kamal, M.B. Mohamed, Structural, linear/nonlinear optical, and electrical characteristics of polyvinyl chloride doped with non-stoichiometric nano cadmium sulfide. Opt. Quant. Electron. 56(3), 1 (2024)
Z.K. Heiba, A.M. El-naggar, A.M. Kamal, M.B. Mohamed, Fabrication of soft blended- TiO2/V/TBAI nanocomposite polymers: new trend of structural, optical and dielectric analysis for polymeric devices. Opt. Quant. Electron. 56(2), 235 (2024)
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, A.M. El-naggar, A.M. Kamal, Study the effect of nano NiCo2O4 doping on the optical and dielectric properties of PMMA/PEO/MWCNTs. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 161, 112056 (2024)
S.A.M. Issa, H.M.H. Zakaly, M. Pyshkina, M.Y.A. Mostafa, M. Rashad, T.S. Soliman, Structure, optical, and radiation shielding properties of PVA–BaTiO3 nanocomposite films: an experimental investigation. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 180, 109281 (2021)
F.H. Alshammari, Gamma radiation effects on optical and electrical conductivity of PVA-PVP-AuNP ternary nanocomposite. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 209, 110989 (2023)
M.I. Mohammed, I.S. Yahia, S. Abd El-Mongy, Simple fabrication of PVA/PEG blend doped with methyl blue dye with superior optical limiting performance: enhanced luminescence property, structural, and dielectric properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 291, 116390 (2023)
H. Zhu, H. Ji, R. Zhang, Z. Mu, Y. Liu, Z. Yuan, Y. Shen, F. Meng, Ppb-level butanone sensor based on porous spherical ZnCo2O4/ZnO through the synergy effects of Co2+ atoms and unique wrinkled structure. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 393, 134087 (2023)
M. Ijaz, H. Ullah, B.A. Al-Asbahi, M.U. Khan, Z. Abbas, S.U. Asif, Co-precipitation method followed by ultrafast sonochemical synthesis of aluminium doped M type BaFe11.4-xAlxCo0.6O19 hexaferrites for various applications. J. Magnet. Magnet. Mater. 589, 171559 (2024)
A. Ur Rehman, A.M. Afzal, M.W. Iqbal, M. Ali, S.M. Wabaidur, E.A. Al-Ammar, S. Mumtaz, E.H. Choi, Highly efficient and stable layered AgZnS@WS2 nanocomposite electrode as superior charge transfer and active redox sites for energy harvesting device. J. Energy Storage 71, 108022 (2023)
A. Ur Rehman, A.M. Afzal, M.W. Iqbal, S.M. Wabaidur, E.A. Al-Ammar, S. Mumtaz, E. Ha Choi, M. Ali, Exploring the potential of hydrothermally synthesized AgZnS@Polyaniline composites as electrode material for high-performance supercapattery device. Phys. Scr. 98, 085009 (2023)
M. Ali, A.M. Afzal, M.W. Iqbal, A. Ur Rehman, S.M. Wabaidur, E.A. Al-Ammar, S. Mumtaz, E. Ha Choi, Synthesis and analysis of the impact of rGO on the structural and electrochemical performance of CoMnS for high-performance energy storage device. FlatChem 40, 100518 (2023)
A. Yasmeen, A.M. Afzal, M.W. Iqbal, A. Zaka, H. ul Hassan, T. Abbas, M. Usman, L. Wang, Y.M. Alanazi, S. Mumtaz, Enhanced the stability and storage capability of sulfide-based material with the incorporation of carbon nanotube for high-performance supercapattery device. J. Electrochem. En. Conv. Stor. 21(2), 021002 (2024)
A.M. Afzal, M.W. Iqbal, M. Imran, H. Umair, S.M. Wabaidur, E.A. Al-Ammar, S. Mumtaz, E.H. Choi, Synthesis of CoNbS, PANI@CoNbS, and PANI@AC composite and study of the impact of PANI on the electrochemical characteristics of energy storage device, 2023 ECS. J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 12, 051003 (2023)
M. Imran, A.M. Afzal, M.W. Iqbal, H.H. Hegazy, M.Z. Iqbal, S. Mumtaz, R. Qureshi, Manganese (Sulfide/Oxide) based electrode materials advancement in supercapattery devices. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 158, 107366 (2023)
A.M. Afzal, N. Muzaffar, M.W. Iqbal, G. Dastgeer, A. Manzoor, M. Razaq, S.M. Wabaidur, E.A. Al-Ammar, S.M. Eldin, Exploring the charge storage mechanism in high-performance Co@MnO2-based hybrid supercapacitors using Randles-Ševčík and Dunn’s models. J. Appl. Electrochem. 54, 65 (2024)
T. Arunkumar, R. Karthikeyan, R.R. Subramani, K. Viswanathan, M. Anish, Synthesis and characterisation of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Int. J. Ambient Energy 41(4), 452 (2020)
S.S. Samal, S. Bal, Carbon nanotube reinforced ceramic matrix composites—a review. J. Miner. Mater. Char. Eng. 7(4), 355 (2008)
M. Endo, T. Hayashi, Y.A. Kim, H. Muramatsu, Development and application of carbon nanotubes. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(6A), 4883 (2006)
A. Naqi, N. Abbas, N. Zahra, A. Hussain, S.Q. Shabbir, Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the strength development of cementitious materials. J. Market. Res. 8(1), 1203 (2019)
N.S.M. Kubheka, M.J. Moloto, Incorporation of thermally induced shaped and phases of manganese oxide nanoparticles into zein/PVA fiber blends. Heliyon 9, e19595 (2023)
I.A. Alhagri, T.F. Qahtan, M.O. Farea, A.N. Al-Hakimi, S.M. Al-Hazmy, S. El-Sayed, A.E.A.E. Albadri, Enhanced structural, optical properties and antibacterial activity of PEO/CMC Doped TiO2 NPs for food packaging applications. Polymers 15, 384 (2023)
S.A. Ali, S. Sau, S. Kundu, In-situ fabrication of CuO nanoparticles inside PVA matrix via heat treatment with modified optical, electrical and mechanical properties of the composite films. Colloids Surf. A 647, 131840 (2023)
A.Y. Madkhli, Effect of adding methyl orange/silver (MO–Ag) nanoparticles on the optical and structural properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Opt. Quant. Electron. 56, 331 (2024)
H.M. Ragab, N.S. Diab, E.A.A. Elneim, N.H. El Fewaty, A.N. Al-Hakimi, M.O. Farea, Exploring the optical properties of CuCo2O4-doped polyethylene oxide and carboxymethylcellulose for optoelectronic application. Opt. Quant. Electron. 56, 323 (2024)
Q.A. Alsulami, A. Rajeh, Structural, thermal, optical characterizations of polyaniline/polymethyl methacrylate composite doped by titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an application in optoelectronic devices. Opt. Mater. 123, 111820 (2022)
M.R. Islam, J. Podder, Optical properties of ZnO nano fiber thin films grown by spray pyrolysis of zinc acetate precursor. Cryst. Res. Technol. J. Exp. Ind. Crystallogr. 44(3), 286 (2009)
H. ElhosinyAli, Y. Khairy, M.A. Sayed, H. Algarni, M. Shkir, F.A. Maged, Tailoring the linear/nonlinear optical and visible shielding performance of PVP/PVOH incorporated with NiO nanoparticles for optical devices. Optik 251, 168373 (2022)
A.M. El-naggar, Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, A.M. Kamal, G. Lakshminarayana, Thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of PVA/PVP/PEG blends loaded with nanovanadium-doped nano tin disulfide. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 33, 25743 (2022)
A.M. El-naggar, Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, A.M. Kamal, A.M. Aldhafiri, G. Lakshminarayana, Improving the optical characteristics of PVA/PVP/PEG blend via loading with nano SnS2/Y. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 33, 12783 (2022)
A.S. Abouhaswa, G.M. Turky, T.S. Soliman, Structural, optical, and dielectric properties of PVA-CMC/Ni0.65Cu0.35Fe2O4 films for optoelectronic applications and energy storage applications. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02911-6
T.S. Soliman, Effect of CdSSe nanoparticles on the structural, surface roughness, linear, and nonlinear optical parameters of polyvinyl chloride films for optoelectronic applications. Phys. Scr. 98, 075932 (2023)
A.M. Henaish, M.A. Darwish, O.M. Hemeda, I.A. Weinstein, T.S. Soliman, A.V. Trukhanov, S.V. Trukhanov, D. Zhou, A.M. Dorgham, Structure and optoelectronic properties of ferroelectric PVA-PZT nanocomposites. Opt. Mater. 138, 113402 (2023)
T.H. AlAbdulaal, W. Abdullah, I.S. Yahia, Synthesizing and exploring the structural and optical properties of PVA/PVP/PEG polymeric sheet upon doping with nano nickel oxide (NiO) for CUT-OFF filters. J. Market. Res. 27, 8308 (2023)
I.R. Agool, K.J. Kadhim, A. Hashim, Fabrication of new nanocomposites: (PVA-PEG-PVP) blend-zirconium oxide nanoparticles) for humidity sensors. Int. J. Plast. Technol. 21, 397 (2017)
A.M. El-Naggar, Z.K. Heiba, A.M. Kamal, M.B. Mohamed, Optical and dielectric behaviors of polyvinyl chloride incorporated with MgFe2O4/MWCNTs. Diam. Relat. Mater. 138, 110243 (2023)
M. Mymona, A. Abutalib, Rajeh, Influence of MWCNTs/Li-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles on the structural, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of poly (ethylene oxide)/poly (methylmethacrylate) composite. J. Organomet. Chem. 918, 121309 (2020)
M.B. Mohamed, M.H. Abdel-Kader, Effect of annealed ZnS nanoparticles on the structural and optical properties of PVA polymer nanocomposite. Mater. Chem. Phys. 241, 122285 (2020)
H.E. Assender, A.H. Windle, Crystallinity in poly(vinyl alcohol). 1. An X-ray diffraction study of atactic PVOH, Polymer. Polymer 39, 4295 (1998)
W. El Hotaby, H.H.A. Sherif, B.A. Hemdan, W.A. Khalil, S.K.H. Khalil, Assessment of in situ-prepared polyvinylpyrrolidone-silver nanocomposite for antimicrobial applications. Acta Phys. Pol. 131(6), 1554 (2017)
Y. Golitsyna, M. Pulstb, M.H. Samiullahb, K. Busseb, J. Kresslerb, D. Reicherta, Crystallization in PEG networks: the importance of network topology and chain tilt in crystals. Polymer 165, 72 (2019)
H.B. Hassan, A.S. Hasan, A. Hashim, Fabrication and advanced optical and electronic characteristics of PVA/SiC/CeO2 hybrid nanostructures for augmented nanoelectronics and optics fields. Opt. Quant. Electron. 56(2024), 309 (2024)
H.B. Hassan, A.S. Hasan, A. Hashim, Synthesis and boosting the structural, optical and electronic characteristics of PS/SiC/In2O3 promising nanohybrid structures for tailored optoelectronics applications. Opt. Quant. Electron. 56, 272 (2024)
J. Bai, Z. Shi, J. Yin, A novel main chain benzoxazine polymer with the ability of UV-induced self-surface modification. Polymer 54, 2498 (2013)
M.B. Mohamed, A.M. El-naggar, Z.K. Heiba, A.M. Kamal, Modifications in the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of PVA/PVP/PEG blend by incorporation of PANi/ZnWO4 nanohybrid for optoelectronic and energy storage devices. Opt. Mater. 149, 115047 (2024)
A.M. El-naggar, Z.K. Heiba, A.M. Kamal, M.B. Mohamed, Probing the influence of ZnFe2O4 doping on the optical and dielectric characteristics of PMMA/PANi. Opt. Quant. Electron. 56(3), 457 (2024)
H. Kafashan, M. Azizieh, H.N. Vatan, Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of SnS: effect of ultrasound waves on the physical properties of nanostructured SnS thin films. J. Alloy. Comp. 686, 962 (2016)
H.K. Jaafar, A. Hashim, B.H. Rabee, Fabrication and tuning the morphological and optical characteristics of PMMA/PEO/SiC/BaTiO3 newly quaternary nanostructures for optical and quantum electronics fields. Opt. Quant. Electron. 55, 989 (2023)
A. Hashim, S.M. Alshrefi, H.H. Abed, A. Hadi, Synthesis and boosting the structural and optical characteristics of PMMA/SiC/CdS hybrid nanomaterials for future optical and nanoelectronics applications. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02866-8
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, N.G. Imam, Fine-tune optical absorption and light emitting behavior of the CdS/PVA hybridized film nanocomposite. J. Mol. Struct. 1136, 321 (2017)
E.M. Abdelrazek, H.M. Ragab, Spectroscopic and dielectric study of iodine chloride doped PVA/PVP blend. Indian J. Phys. 89(6), 577 (2015)
S.H. Mohamed, O. Kappertz, J.M. Ngaruiya, T. Niemeier, R. Drese, R. Detemple, M.M. Wakkad, M. Wuttig, Influence of nitrogen content on properties of direct current sputtered TiOxNy films. Physica Status Solidi (A) 201(1), 90 (2004)
M.O. Farea, F.G. Alharbi, N.S. Awwad, H.A. Ibrahium, M.A. El-Morsy, A.A. Menazea, Improving optical, electrical, and dielectric performance of PVA/CMC blend by incorporating cadmium oxide nanoparticles for energy storage applications. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 34, 2133 (2023)
H.M. Ragab, M.O. Farea, Structural, optical, and electrical enhancement of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) through embedding silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) for optoelectrical applications. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 34, 2079 (2023)
P. Dhatarwal, R.J. Sengwa, Investigation on the optical properties of (PVP/PVA)/Al2O3 nanocomposite films for green disposable optoelectronics. Physica B 613, 412989 (2021)
Y. Khairy, M.I. Mohammed, H.I. Elsaeedy, I.S. Yahia, Optical and electrical properties of SnBr 2-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymeric solid electrolyte for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Optik 228, 166129 (2021)
M.S. Ismail, A.A. Elamin, F. Abdel-Wahab, Y.H. Elbashar, M.M. Mahasen, Improving the refractive index by engineering PbS/PVA nano polymer composite for optoelectronic applications. Opt. Mater. 131, 112639 (2022)
M.M.R. Khan, M. Akter, M.K. Amin, M. Younus, N. Chakraborty, Synthesis, luminescence and thermal properties of PVA–ZnO–Al2O3 composite films: towards fabrication of sunlight-induced catalyst for organic dye removal. J. Polym. Environ. 26, 3371 (2018)
K.K. Dey, P. Kumar, R.R. Yadav, A. Dhar, A.K. Srivastava, CuO nanoellipsoids for superior physicochemical response of biodegradable PVA. RSC Adv. 4, 10123 (2014)
A.M. El-naggar, Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, A.M. Kamal, G. Lakshminarayana, Thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of PVA/PVP/PEG blends loaded with nanovanadium-doped nano tin disulfide. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 33(34), 25743 (2022)
D.M. Fernandes, A.A.W. Hechenleitner, S.M. Lima, L.H.C. Andrade, A.R.L. Caires, E.A.G. Pineda, Preparation, characterization, and photoluminescence study of PVA/ZnO nanocomposite films. Mater. Chem. Phys. 128, 371 (2011)
M. Behera, S. Ram, Intense quenching of fluorescence intensity of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) molecules in presence of gold nanoparticles. Appl. Nanosci. 3, 543 (2013)
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, N.G. Imam, N.Y. Mostafa, Optical and electrical properties of quantum composite of polyvinyl alcohol matrix with CdSe quantum dots. Colloid Polym. Sci. 294(2), 357 (2016)
N.G. Imam, M. Bakr Mohamed, Environmentally friendly Zn0. 75Cd0. 25S/PVA heterosystem nanocomposite: UV-stimulated emission and absorption spectra. J. Mol. Struct. 1105, 80 (2016)
S.R. Alharbi, M. Alhassan, O. Jalled, S. Wageh, A. Saeed, Structural characterizations and electrical conduction mechanism of CaBi2Nb2O9 single-phase nanocrystallites synthesized via sucrose-assisted sol–gel combustion method. J. Mater. Sci. 53, 11584 (2018)
M.A. Gabal, A.A. Al-Juaid, S. El-Rashed, M.A. Hussein, Y.M. Al Angari, A. Saeed, Structural, thermal, magnetic and electrical properties of polyaniline/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites with special reference to the dye removal capability, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 29 (2019) 2197
M.A. Gabal, E.A. Al-Harthy, Y.M. Al Angari, M. Abdel Salam, A. Awad, A.A. Al-Juaid, A. Saeed, Synthesis, characterization and dye removal capability of conducting polypyrrole/Mn08Zn02Fe2O4/graphite oxide ternary composites. Catalysts 12, 1624 (2022)
M.A. Gabal, E.A. Al-Harthy, Y.M. AlAngari, A. Awad, A.A. Al-Juaid, M.A. Hussein, A.M. Abdel-Daiem, T.R. Sobahi, A. Saeed, Synthesis, structural, magnetic and high-frequency electrical properties of Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/polypyrrole core-shell composite using waste batteries. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 32, 1975 (2022)
F. Parodi, 19—Physics and chemistry of microwave processing, in Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements. ed. by G. Allen, J.C. Bevington (Pergamon, Amsterdam, 1989), p.669
E.M. Abdelrazek, G.M. Asnag, A.H. Oraby, A.M. Abdelghany, A.M. Alshehari, M.S. Gumaan, Structural, optical, thermal, morphological and electrical studies of PEMA/PMMA blend filled with CoCl2 and LiBr As mixed filler. J. Electron. Mater. 49, 6107 (2020)
S.A. Mohamed, A.A. Al-Ghamdi, G.D. Sharma, M.K. El Mansy, Effect of ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer on CuI/PVA nanocomposite: structure, optical and electrical properties. J. Adv. Res. 5, 79 (2014)
X. Zhang, B.-W. Li, L. Dong, H. Liu, W. Chen, Y. Shen, C.-W. Nan, Superior energy storage performances of polymer nanocomposites via modification of filler/polymer interfaces. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5, 1800096 (2018)
M.M. Abdelhamied, A.M. Abdelreheem, A. Atta, Plastics, Influence of ion beam and silver nanoparticles on dielectric properties of flexible PVA/PANI polymer composite films. Rubber Composites 51(1), 1 (2022)
F. Croce, G.B. Appetecchi, L. Persi, B. Scrosati, Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for Lithium batteries. Nature 394, 456 (1998)
F.S. Howell, R.A. Bose, P.B. Macedo, C.T. Moynihan, Electrical relaxation in a glass-forming molten salt. J. Phys. Chem. 78(6), 639 (1974)
J. Naik, R.F. Bhajantri, S.G. Rathod, T. Sheela, V. Ravindrachary, Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional ZnBr 2/PVA polymer dielectrics. J. Adv. Dielectr. 06(04), 1650028 (2016)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R72), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Funding
This work is supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R72), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors have contributed, discussed the results and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
We agreed on all terms and conditions for ethics approval.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Heiba, Z.K., El-naggar, A.M., Kamal, A.M. et al. Effect of MWCNTs and aluminum amount on tuning the optical and electrical properties of PVA/PVP/PEG/ZnCo2-xAlxO4 composites. Appl. Phys. A 130, 317 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07442-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07442-6