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Grafted cellulose: a bio-based polymer for durable applications

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Abstract

Grafting is one of the best method for the modification of physicochemical properties of the cellulose. The –OH groups present at C2, C3, and C6 atoms of each β-d-glucopyranose units of cellulose chains are the most susceptible active sites for the grafting of many monomer units or polymers for the formation of a variety of cellulose-based graft copolymers with advanced properties and potential applications as compared to the bare cellulose. In this review article, a brief introduction to get an insight into the structural features of cellulose is given. After that, the potential applications and recent advancements of various cellulose graft copolymers made in fields of controlled drug delivery, adsorption of harmful, toxic and non-biodegradable dyes from industrial effluents, sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous medium, modification of electrolyte, electrodes and separators of the modern age Lithium ion batteries, and fabrication of smart and innovative food packaging materials are reviewed.

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Fig. 1
Scheme 1
Fig. 2

[Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18], © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.]

Fig. 3
Fig. 4

[Reprinted with permission from Ref [34], © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014]

Fig. 5

[Reprinted with permission from Ref [35], ©2014 Elsevier Ltd]

Fig. 6
Fig. 7

[Reprinted with permission from Ref [55], © 2013 American Chemical Society]

Fig. 8

[Reprinted with permission from Ref. [61], © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.]

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Abbreviations

AA:

Acrylic acid

AA-g-CLCF:

Acrylic acid-g-cellulosic Luffa cylindrical fiber

AAm:

Acrylamide

AAm-g-HEC:

Acrylamide-g-hydroxyethylcellulose

AASO3H:

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid

AB-93:

Acid blue-93

ABCN:

Azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile

AN:

Acrylonitrile

ASA:

Aminosalicylic acid

ATPR:

Atom transfer radical polymerization

BC-g-PAA:

Bacterial cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)

BEMA:

Bisphenol A ethoxylate (15 EO/phenol) dimethacrylate

BF:

Basic fuchsine

BGE-g-HEC:

Butyl glycidyl ether-g-hydroxyethyl cellulose

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CAN:

Ceric ammonium nitrate

CCDA:

Cross-linked cellulose dialdehyde

CD:

Cyclodextrin

Cell-g-PAA-co-AM:

Cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)

Cell-g-PAm/HBH:

Cellulose-g-polyacrylamide/hydroxyapatite biocomposite hydrogel

CipHCl:

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

CMC:

Carboxy methyl cellulose

CMC-g-HPAM:

Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-g-carboxymethyl cellulose

CMC-g-PAAm:

Carboxymethyl cellulose-g-polyacrylamide

CMC-g-PDMAEMA:

Carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)

CMC-g-PDMAEMA:

Carboxymethylcellulose-g-poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylate)

CMC-g-PHEA:

Carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CR:

Congo red

CRP:

Controlled radical polymerization

CV:

Crystal violet

DAA:

N,N-Dimethylacetamide

EC:

Ethyl cellulose

EC–DEC:

Ethylene carbonate–diethyl carbonate

EC-g-PDEAEMA:

Ethyl cellulose-g-poly(2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)

EC-g-PHEMA-g-PSPMA:

Ethylcellulose-g-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-g-poly(spiropyran ether methacrylate)

EC-g-PPEGMA:

Ethyl cellulose-g-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)

ECH:

Epichlorohydrin

EE:

Encapsulation efficiency

GA:

Glycidyl acrylate

GMA:

Glycidyl methacrylate

GMA/DTPA-g-cellulose:

Glycidyl methacrylate/diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-g-cellulose

HEC-g-LANM:

Hydroxyethylcellulose-g-linoleic acid nano micelles

HEMA:

2-Hydroxy methacrylate

HPC:

Hydroxypropylcellulose

HPMC-g-PAM:

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-g-polyacrylamide

KET:

Ketoprofen

LCST:

Lower critical solution temperature

LE:

Loading efficiency

MA/Aam-g-LCF:

Methyl acrylate/acrylamide-g-Luffa cylindrical fiber

MB:

Methylene blue

MBA:

N,N′-Methylene bisacrylamide

MCA-E0.7/CMC-g-PDMDAAC:

Monochloroacetic acid-modified epichlorohydrin cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose-g-dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride

MC-g-A/GM:

Methyl cellulose-g-acrylamide/gelatin microspheres

MFC:

Microfibrillated cellulose

MG:

Malachite green

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

MO:

Methyl orange

NaPAA-g-CMC:

Poly(acrylic acid sodium)-g-carboxymethyl cellulose

NFC:

Nanofibrillated cellulose

NFD:

Nifedipine

NMP:

Nitroxide-mediated polymerization

NR:

Nile red

ODDMAC:

Octadecyldimethyl (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) ammonium chloride

OR-II:

Orange red-II

PAA:

Poly(acrylic acid sodium)

PAM:

Polyacrylamide

PBS:

Phosphate buffer solution

PDEAEMA:

Poly(2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)

PE:

Polyethylene

PEGMA:

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)

PNIPAAm:

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

PP:

Polypropylene

PSPMA:

Poly(spiropyran ether methacrylate)

PTFE:

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

PVDF-HPF:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

RAFT:

Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer

RB-2:

Reactive blue-2

RIF:

Rifampicin

ROP:

Ring-opening polymerization

SET-LRP:

Single-electron transfer living radical polymerization

SPMA:

Spiropyran ether methacrylate

THA:

Theophylline

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala-Jalandhar Highway, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144601, India

    Rajesh Kumar & Anirudh P. Singh

  2. PG Department of Chemistry, Jagdish Chandra Dayanand Anglo Vedic (JCDAV) College, Dasuya, Punjab, 144205, India

    Rajesh Kumar

  3. PG Department of Chemistry, Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) College, Mahatma Hans Raj Marg, Dayanand Nagar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144008, India

    Rajeev Kr. Sharma

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  1. Rajesh Kumar
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  2. Rajeev Kr. Sharma
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  3. Anirudh P. Singh
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Correspondence to Rajesh Kumar or Rajeev Kr. Sharma.

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Kumar, R., Sharma, R.K. & Singh, A.P. Grafted cellulose: a bio-based polymer for durable applications. Polym. Bull. 75, 2213–2242 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2136-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2136-6

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