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Major histocompatibility complex haplotyping and long-amplicon allele discovery in cynomolgus macaques from Chinese breeding facilities

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Abstract

Very little is currently known about the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis; Mafa) from Chinese breeding centers. We performed comprehensive MHC class I haplotype analysis of 100 cynomolgus macaques from two different centers, with animals from different reported original geographic origins (Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Cambodian/Indonesian mixed-origin). Many of the samples were of known relation to each other (sire, dam, and progeny sets), making it possible to characterize lineage-level haplotypes in these animals. We identified 52 Mafa-A and 74 Mafa-B haplotypes in this cohort, many of which were restricted to specific sample origins. We also characterized full-length MHC class I transcripts using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. This technology allows for complete read-through of unfragmented MHC class I transcripts (~1100 bp in length), so no assembly is required to unambiguously resolve novel full-length sequences. Overall, we identified 311 total full-length transcripts in a subset of 72 cynomolgus macaques from these Chinese breeding facilities; 130 of these sequences were novel and an additional 115 extended existing short database sequences to span the complete open reading frame. This significantly expands the number of Mafa-A, Mafa-B, and Mafa-I full-length alleles in the official cynomolgus macaque MHC class I database. The PacBio technique described here represents a general method for full-length allele discovery and genotyping that can be extended to other complex immune loci such as MHC class II, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors, and Fc gamma receptors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Catherine Westbrook, Suzanne Mate, and Galina Koroleva at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, and Katherine Munson and the staff of the University of Washington PacBio Sequencing Services core for performing PacBio RS II sequencing. We also thank Annemiek J.M. de Vos-Rouweler for RNA isolations and preparation of cDNAs used in this study. Finally, we thank Nel Otting, Natasja de Groot and the IMGT Non-human Primate Nomenclature Committee for obtaining accession numbers and providing official Mafa transcript nomenclature designations for the sequences described here. This research was supported by contracts HHSN272201600007C and HHSN272201100013C from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, and was conducted at a facility constructed with support from the Research Facilities Improvement Program (RR15459-01, RR020141-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Julie A. Karl, Michael E. Graham, Roger W. Wiseman & David H. O’Connor

  2. Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA

    Katelyn E. Heimbruch, Samantha M. Gieger & David H. O’Connor

  3. Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

    Gaby G. M. Doxiadis & Ronald E. Bontrop

  4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 585 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53711, USA

    David H. O’Connor

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  1. Julie A. Karl
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  2. Michael E. Graham
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  3. Roger W. Wiseman
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  4. Katelyn E. Heimbruch
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  5. Samantha M. Gieger
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  6. Gaby G. M. Doxiadis
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  7. Ronald E. Bontrop
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  8. David H. O’Connor
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Correspondence to David H. O’Connor.

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Karl, J.A., Graham, M.E., Wiseman, R.W. et al. Major histocompatibility complex haplotyping and long-amplicon allele discovery in cynomolgus macaques from Chinese breeding facilities. Immunogenetics 69, 211–229 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-017-0969-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-017-0969-7

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