Abstract
Graphene/polyaniline composites have potential applications in many fields because of their excellent electrical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to study a rapid method for their preparation. In this work, ultrasonic-assisted in situ polymerization of graphene/polyaniline composites with micro/nano structure was studied. Under the action of π-π conjugation and electrostatic adsorption, polyaniline fibers with a length of 126 nm and diameter of 10 nm were uniformly polymerized on an oxide graphene sheet. Then, L-ascorbic acid (green reducing agent) was used to reduce the oxide graphene for preparing the graphene/polyaniline composite. This method is green and simple, the reduction process was mild, and the reducing agent did not destroy the micro/nano structure of polyaniline. Polyaniline attached on the surface of graphene sheet remained as a nanofiber and prevented the aggregation of graphene as a barrier between layers. The fabricated graphene/polyaniline presented a high electrical conductivity of 356.7 S/m, which can be applied in the fields of electric conductivity, energy storage, electrostatic shielding and so on.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
References
X. Huang, Q. Niu, S. Fan, and Y. Zhang, Highly Oriented Lamellar Polyaniline with Short-range Disorder for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance. Chem. Eng. J. 417, 128126 (2021).
J. Huang, H. Wang, Z. Li, X. Wu, and S. Yang, Improvement of Piezoresistive Sensing Behavior of Graphene Sponge by Polyaniline Nanoarrays. J. Mater. Chem. C 7, 7386 (2019).
X. Shen, X. Zhang, T. Wang, S. Li, and Z. Li, A Novel 3D Porous Electrode of Polyaniline and PEDOT: PSS Coated SiNWs for Low-cost and High-performance Supercapacitors. Mater. Chem. Front. 5, 6114 (2021).
S.R. Mangisetti, M. Kamaraj, and S. Ramaprabhu, N-doped 3D Uorous Uarbon-graphene/Uolyaniline Uybrid and N-doped Uorous Carbon Coated gC3N4 Nanosheets for Excellent Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 305, 264 (2019).
W. Lu, T.H. Chow, S.N. Lai, B. Zheng, and J. Wang, Electrochemical switching of plasmonic colors based on polyaniline-coated plasmonic nanocrystals. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 17733 (2020).
G. Liao, Q. Li, and Z. Xu, The chemical modification of polyaniline with enhanced properties: a review. Prog. Org. Coat. 126, 35 (2019).
H. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Sun, P. Chen, J. Zhao, X. Guo, and S. Zhongmin, Preparation and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of Ti49Zr26Ni25 alloy covered with porous polyaniline. Int. J. Hydrog Energy 45, 11675–11685 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.02.115.
W.F. Huang, Y.L. Xiao, Z.J. Huang, C.P. Tsui Gary, K.W. Yenug, C.Y. Tang, and Q. Liu, Super-hydrophobic polyaniline-TiO2 hierarchical nanocomposite as anticorrosion coating. Mater. Lett. 258, 126822 (2020).
Y. Zou, Z. Zhang, W. Zhong, and W. Yang, Hydrothermal direct synthesis of polyaniline, graphene/polyaniline and N-doped graphene/polyaniline hydrogels for high performance flexible supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 9245 (2018).
S. Majee, W. Zhao, A. Sugunan, T. Gillgren, J.A. Laesson, R. Brooke, N. Nordgren, Z. Zhang, S. Zhang, D. Nilsson, and A. Ahniyaz, Highly Conductive Films by Rapid Photonic Annealing of Inkjet Printable Starch-Graphene Ink. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 9, 2101884 (2022).
F. Wang, H. Wang, and J. Mao, Aligned-graphene composites: a review. J. Mater. Sci. 54, 36 (2019).
Z. Jia, D. Lan, K. Lin, M. Qin, K. Kou, G. Wu, and H. Wu, Progress in low-frequency microwave absorbing materials. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 17122 (2018).
X. Xia, D. Chao, Z. Fan, C. Guan, X. Cao, H. Zhang, and H. Fan, A New type of porous graphite foams and their integrated composites with oxide/polymer core/shell nanowires for supercapacitors: structural design, fabrication, and full supercapacitor demonstrations. Nano Lett 14, 1651 (2014).
H. Dai, R. Li, S. Su, Y. Cui, Y. Lin, L. Zhang, and X. Zhu, Preparation and characterization of PANI/MWCNT/RGO ternary composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. J. Electron. Mater 51, 1409 (2022).
R. Jain, D.K. Sharma, and S. Mishra, High-performance supercapacitor electrode of HNO3 doped polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. J. Electron. Mater 48, 3122 (2019).
X.H. Li, P. Liu, X. Li, F. An, P. Min, K. Liao, and Z. Yu, Vertically aligned, ultralight and highly compressive all-graphitized graphene aerogels for highly thermally conductive polymer composites. Carbon 140, 624 (2018).
P. Li, Z. Jin, L. Peng, F. Zhao, and D. Xiao, JIn Y, Yu G, Stretchable all-gel-state fiber-shaped supercapacitors enabled by macromolecularly interconnected 3D graphene/nanostructured conductive polymer hydrogels. Adv. Mater. 30, 1800124 (2018).
N. Chen, C. Liu, L. Tan, Y. Ren, D. Zhao, Y. Luo, and H. Feng, Facile Synthesis of 4-Methylaniline Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Composite for Supercapacitors. J. Electron. Mater 48, 4463 (2019).
K. Li, X. Liu, S. Chen, and J. Zhang, A flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on graphene/polyaniline paper electrodes. J. Energ. Chem. 32, 166 (2019).
Q. Wang, Q. Meng, T. Wang, and W. Guo, High-performance antistatic ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer/high-density polyethylene composites with graphene nanoplatelets coated by polyaniline. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 134, 45303 (2017).
L. Ni, G. Yang, C. Sun, G. Niu, Z. Wu, C. Chen, X. Gong, C. Zhou, G. Zhao, J. Gu, W. Ji, X. Huo, M. Chen, and G. Diao, Self-assembled three-dimensional graphene/polyaniline/polyoxometalate hybrid as cathode for improved rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Mater. today energy 6, 53 (2017).
Y. Zou, R. Liu, W. Zhong, and W. Yang, Mechanically robust double-crosslinked network functionalized graphene/polyaniline stiff hydrogels for superior performance supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 8568 (2018).
W. Zheng, L. Hu, L.Y.S. Lee, and K. Wong, Copper nanoparticles/polyaniline/graphene composite as a highly sensitive electrochemical glucose sensor. J. Electroanal. Chem. 781, 155 (2016).
H. Jiu, C. Huang, L. Zhang, J. Chang, H. Jiao, S. Zhang, and W.B. Jia, Excellent electrochemical performance of graphene–polyaniline hollow microsphere composite as electrode material for supercapacitors. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26, 8386 (2015).
S.M. Firdaus, A.S. Anasyida, S.A. Zubir, and M. Mariatti, Graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites: effect of in-situ polymerization and solvent blending methods with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid surfactant. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 15805 (2020).
H. Yu, H. Han, J. Jang, and S. Cho, Fabrication and optimization of conductive paper based on screen-printed polyaniline/graphene patterns for nerve agent detection. ACS Omega 4, 5586 (2019).
B. Li, D. Sun, B. Li, W. Tang, P. Ren, J. Yu, and J. Zhang, One-step electrochemically prepared graphene/polyaniline conductive filter membrane for permeation enhancement by fouling mitigation. Langmuir 36, 2209 (2020).
S.Y. Chin, T.K. Abdullah, and M. Mariatti, One-step synthesis of conductive graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: preparation and properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 18418 (2017).
O.D. Lakobson, O.L. Gribkova, A.R. Tameev, V.V. Kravchenko, A. Egorov, and A.V. Vannikov, Conductive composites of polyaniline–polyacid complex and graphene nanostacks. Synthetic Met 211, 89 (2016).
S.P. Sasikala, K.E. Lee, J. Lim, H.J. Lee, S.H. Koo, H.J. Jung, and S.O. Kim, Interface-confined high crystalline growth of semiconducting polymers at graphene fibers for high-performance wearable supercapacitors. ACS Nano 11, 9424 (2017).
B. Cui, F. Chu, H. Li, H. Li, C. Yun, X. Wang, S. Li, G. Liu, and J. Sun, Inkjet printing porous graphene/silver flexible electrode with enhanced electrochemical performance based on vapor phase reduction. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 31, 10795 (2020).
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Basic Scientific Research Funds of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province of China (No. 2020-KYYWF-0262).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by BC and XG. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BC and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cui, B., Gao, X. Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Composite Conductive Materials by Ultrasonic-Assisted In Situ Polymerization. J. Electron. Mater. 51, 6160–6167 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09855-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09855-6