Abstract
Euterpe precatoria Mart. (açaí) it is a native palm of the Amazonian biome of environmental and socioeconomic importance. However, its exploitation has a predatory extractive character, its sexual propagation is slow and heterogeneous and the species does not till. Therefore, the development of efficient propagation methods is crucial to leverage their sustainable exploitation. Thus, this work aimed to develop a protocol of somatic embryogenesis of the species from mature zygotic embryos. Explants were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Eeuwens (Y3) media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram) at five concentrations (0, 6.79, 13.57, 20.36, 27.15 µM). After 90 days, they were transferred to a multiplication medium, with a low concentration of auxins, associated with 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP). Histodifferentiation and maturation of embryos was performed half strength Y3 medium or added 0.54 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 12.3 µM 2iP. It was found that the formation of embryogenic calluses and somatic embryos was influenced by culture medium, auxin type and concentration of regulators, especially the culture medium Y3 supplemented with 13.57 and 20.36 µM Picloram. By means of morphoanatomic analyses, different types of embryogenic calluses were identified, somatic embryos with suspensor-like structures, indicating unicellular origin, as well as secondary embryogenesis. High rate of proliferation of embryogenic structures and complete germination of somatic embryos were found, with 92.3% survival after acclimatization. This unprecedented protocol will subsidize mass-scale propagation and the development of breeding and genetic conservation programs of the species.
Key message
This work details an unprecedented protocol of somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Euterpe precatoria, a palm tree native from the Amazon biome with great socioeconomic potential.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors thank Dr. Frederico H da Silva Costa from Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil, for sending the material for the experiments.
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This research was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes/Embrapa 001-2011/Grant 39) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 308731/2019-0).
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JES-P and JCBF conceived, carried out, designed and analyzed the experiments, summarized the results and wrote the manuscript. IMASC, ROM and JCBF performed the experiments, anatomic cuts, microscopic examination and acquired the photographs, besides writing the first version of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript in its final form.
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Ferreira, J.C.B., de Araújo Silva-Cardoso, I.M., de Oliveira Meira, R. et al. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from zygotic embryos of the palm tree Euterpe precatoria Mart. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 148, 667–686 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02227-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02227-2