Abstract
Potassium is the third most important macronutrient for proper growth of plants and its deficiency limits crop quality and yield. In soil, potassium (K) exists in different forms viz. water-soluble K, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and mineral forms. The unavailable minerals forms such as feldspar, orthoclase and the micas are relatively resistant to decomposition and constitute about 90–98% of the total K in most soils. Therefore, minerals forms provide relatively minor quantities of K to growing crop plants. Fixation of applied fertilizer in insoluble forms in soil, its leaching, and the uptake of soluble K by plants reduces the availability of K in soils. The fixed form of K in minerals is solubilized by some microorganisms, which then enhance acquisition of K by crop plants. These potassium solubilizing microbes (KSMs) secrete various organic acids and produce exopolysaccharides, and metal-complexing ligands that contribute towards release of K from minerals. Climate change induced environmental stresses affect soil microbial community and their beneficial biological activities including K solubilization. Molecular analysis of KSMs and plants showed that various microbial and plant K+ transporter proteins facilitate the absorption of soluble form of K from the soil. These beneficial KSMs have recently been recommended for application as biofertilizer in various crops, and have been demonstrated to improve availability of nutrients and crop productivity in sustainable agriculture. The present manuscript presents an overview of potassium solubilizing microbes, mechanisms of K solubilization and molecular mechanism of K uptake by microbes and plants. Effect of environmental factors on K solubilization and the use of KSMs as biofertilizer for promoting plant growth and crop yield in a cost-effective, eco-friendly and sustainable manner are also discussed.
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Sharma, R., Sindhu, S.S. & Glick, B.R. Potassium Solubilizing Microorganisms as Potential Biofertilizer: A Sustainable Climate-Resilient Approach to Improve Soil Fertility and Crop Production in Agriculture. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11297-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11297-9