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Bacillus spp.: Nature’s Gift to Agriculture and Humankind

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Applications of Bacillus and Bacillus Derived Genera in Agriculture, Biotechnology and Beyond

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 51))

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Abstract

The productivity of crops is heavily depending on microbial communities present in rhizospheric soil; within the last few decades, PGPR has emerged as significant and promising tools for the sustainable agriculture practices. PGPR related to Bacillus spp. as symbiotic with plant roots or free-living in rhizosphere contribute significantly to the viability, development, and yield of plants under biotic and abiotic challenges. The Bacillus species are rod-shaped, Gram-positive, endosporic, aerobic, or facultative anaerobic and ubiquitous in nature. Many Bacillus species, e.g., B. megaterium, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. subtilis, B. azotofixans, B. macerans, B. velezensis, etc. are extensively researched for their PGPR actions. Enhancement of nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and other vital minerals) and regulation of plant hormones are direct actions of PGPR, while promoting plant growth by inhibiting plant pathogen and induction of ISR are indirect actions of PGPR. The genus Bacillus holds largest share in microbe-based agricultural and commercial products. Due to the greater efficacy of production of metabolites and spore-forming nature of Bacillus spp., which increases the life span of cells in commercially manufactured products, Bacillus-based biofertilizers are more active than Pseudomonas-based formulations. The Bacillus species are frequently regarded as an ideal candidate for bioformulations because of their rapid growth, ease of handling, and better colonizing abilities. The Bacillus-based bioformulations for broad-spectrum application against several biotic and abiotic issues are also addressed. In this chapter we will discuss about the mechanism of Bacillus-mediated crop protection and their wide application. PGPR traits of Bacillus are discussed in terms of nutrient uptake, siderophore production, stimulation and production of phytohormone and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), antimicrobial compounds, CRY proteins, and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Induction of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Bacillus inoculated plants and its molecular mechanism is also discussed in this chapter. Bacillus-mediated abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in different host, possible mechanisms, and their effects are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank Director, ICAR-NBAIM, Mau for providing scientific and technical support during preparation of the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Network Project on Application of Microorganisms in Agriculture and Allied Sectors (AMAAS), ICAR-NBAIM, and Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, for providing financial support for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shailesh K. Vishwakarma, Talat Ilyas, Mohammad Shahid, Deepti Malviya, Udai B. Singh & Harsh V. Singh

  2. Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sumit Kumar

  3. Department of Plant Pathology, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Sumit Kumar

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India

    Sachidanand Singh

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Parul Johri

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  1. Shailesh K. Vishwakarma
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Microbial Technology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vellaichamy Mageshwaran

  2. Plant-Microbe Interaction & Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Udai B. Singh

  3. ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Anil K. Saxena

  4. Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Harikesh Bahadur Singh

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This research was supported by Network Project on Application of Microorganisms in Agriculture and Allied Sectors (AMAAS), ICAR-NBAIM, and Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi (India).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the content reported in this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Vishwakarma, S.K. et al. (2024). Bacillus spp.: Nature’s Gift to Agriculture and Humankind. In: Mageshwaran, V., Singh, U.B., Saxena, A.K., Singh, H.B. (eds) Applications of Bacillus and Bacillus Derived Genera in Agriculture, Biotechnology and Beyond. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 51. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8195-3_1

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