Abstract
Most bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas can accumulate medium-chain poly-3-hydroxy-alkanoates (mcl-PHA) as storage materials. For this reason, these bacteria have a well-preserved enzymatic mechanism which involves the participation of a polymerization system (consisting of two different polymerases, PhaC1 and PhaC2), two proteins needed for the structural organization of the mcl-PHA granules (the phasins PhaI and PhaF); a regulatory protein (PhaD), and finally, a polymer-hydrolyzing enzyme (depolymerase, PhaZ) which releases the monomeric units from the granule. In the first stage, PhaC1 and PhaC2 synthesize the polymer using (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA precursors obtained throughout the β-oxidation of longer fatty acids or from acetyl-CoA following the de novo fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. All the polymerases described in Pseudomonas have a wide substrate specificity, which allows for the collection of a huge number of PHAs (homopolymers and copolymers), having varied physicochemical characteristics and interesting biotechnological applications. Therefore, when considering the production of PHAs, there are some highly relevant aspects that must be taken into account. Thus, the monomer precursor selection (raw material sources), the precise characterization of their biosynthetic pathways, its metabolic networking, and the manipulations needed to ensure an efficient flow of intermediaries are essential aspects to achieve both a good bacterial growth and a high production of the desired polymer(s). This chapter focuses on describing the different mechanisms by which pseudomonads can generate useful PHA monomers as well as the strategies followed to improve the efficiency of these processes. Additionally, different approaches to allow for industrial PHA production will be discussed.
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We greatly acknowledge support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Madrid, Spain, Grant RTI2018-095584-B-C43). Authors want to dedicate this chapter to Nicolás and Martín, our best reason to continue.
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Olivera, E.R., Luengo, J.M. (2021). Engineering Strategies for Efficient and Sustainable Production of Medium-Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Pseudomonads. In: Kuddus, M., Roohi (eds) Bioplastics for Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1823-9_21
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