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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bone Remodeling and Bone Metastasis: Implications in Prostate Cancer

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New Frontiers: Extracellular Vesicles

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 97))

Abstract

Bone metastasis is the tendency of certain primary tumors to spawn and dictate secondary neoplasia in the bone. The process of bone metastasis is regulated by the dynamic crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells, cellular components of the bone marrow microenvironment (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), and the bone matrix. The feed-forward loop mechanisms governs the co-option of homeostatic bone remodeling by cancer cells in bone. Recent developments have highlighted the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their diverse roles in distant outgrowths. Several studies have implicated EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment in synergistically promoting pathological skeletal metabolism in the metastatic site. Nevertheless, the potential role that EVs serve in arbitrating intricate sequences of coordinated events within the bone microenvironment remains an emerging field. In this chapter, we review the role of cellular participants and molecular mechanisms in regulating normal bone physiology and explore the progress of current research into bone-derived EVs in directly triggering and coordinating the processes of physiological bone remodeling. In view of the emerging role of EVs in interorgan crosstalk, this review also highlights the multiple systemic pathophysiological processes orchestrated by the EVs to direct organotropism in bone in prostate cancer. Given the deleterious consequences of bone metastasis and its clinical importance, in-depth knowledge of the multifarious role of EVs in distant organ metastasis is expected to open new possibilities for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic intervention for advanced bone metastatic prostate cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Kalyani C. Patil

  2. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Carolina Soekmadji

  3. School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Carolina Soekmadji

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  1. Kalyani C. Patil
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Correspondence to Carolina Soekmadji .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Suresh Mathivanan

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Pamali Fonseka

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Christina Nedeva

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Ishara Atukorala

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Patil, K.C., Soekmadji, C. (2021). Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bone Remodeling and Bone Metastasis: Implications in Prostate Cancer. In: Mathivanan, S., Fonseka, P., Nedeva, C., Atukorala, I. (eds) New Frontiers: Extracellular Vesicles. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 97. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_12

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