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Domestication evolution, genetics and genomics in wheat

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Abstract

Domestication of plants and animals is the major factor underlying human civilization and is a gigantic evolutionary experiment of adaptation and speciation, generating incipient species. Wheat is one of the most important grain crops in the world, and consists mainly of two types: the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) accounting for about 95% of world wheat production, and the tetraploid durum wheat (T. durum) accounting for the other 5%. In this review, we summarize and discuss research on wheat domestication, mainly focusing on recent findings in genetics and genomics studies. T. aestivum originated from a cross between domesticated emmer wheat T. dicoccum and the goat grass Aegilops tauschii, most probably in the south and west of the Caspian Sea about 9,000 years ago. Wild emmer wheat has the same genome formula as durum wheat and has contributed two genomes to bread wheat, and is central to wheat domestication. Domestication has genetically not only transformed the brittle rachis, tenacious glume and non-free threshability, but also modified yield and yield components in wheat. Wheat domestication involves a limited number of chromosome regions, or domestication syndrome factors, though many relevant quantitative trait loci have been detected. On completion of the genome sequencing of diploid wild wheat (T. urartu or Ae. tauschii), domestication syndrome factors and other relevant genes could be isolated, and effects of wheat domestication could be determined. The achievements of domestication genetics and robust research programs in Triticeae genomics are of greatly help in conservation and exploitation of wheat germplasm and genetic improvement of wheat cultivars.

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Abbreviations

Mya:

Million years ago

BP:

Years before present

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

Br:

Brittle rachis

Tg:

Tenacious glume

Ppd:

Photoperiod response

QTL:

Quantitative trait locus

DSF:

Domestication syndrome factor

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the China National Science Foundation Grant Nos. 31030055 & 30870233, Chinese Academy of Sciences under the Important Directional Program of Knowledge Innovation Project Grant No. KSCX2-YW-Z-0722, the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program Grant No. XDA05130403, the “973” National Key Basic Research Program Grant No. 2009CB118300, and the Ancell Teicher Research Foundation for Genetics and Molecular Evolution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Moshan, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China

    Junhua H. Peng

  2. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1170, USA

    Junhua H. Peng

  3. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China

    Dongfa Sun

  4. Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel

    Eviatar Nevo

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  1. Junhua H. Peng
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  2. Dongfa Sun
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Correspondence to Junhua H. Peng.

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Peng, J.H., Sun, D. & Nevo, E. Domestication evolution, genetics and genomics in wheat. Mol Breeding 28, 281–301 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-011-9608-4

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