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The major threshability genes soft glume (sog) and tenacious glume (Tg), of diploid and polyploid wheat, trace their origin to independent mutations at non-orthologous loci

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Abstract

Threshability is an important crop domestication trait. The wild wheat progenitors have tough glumes enveloping the floret that make spikes difficult to thresh, whereas cultivated wheats have soft glumes and are free-threshing. In hexaploid wheat, the glume tenacity gene Tg along with the major domestication locus Q control threshability. The Q gene was isolated recently and found to be a member of the AP2 class of transcription factors. However, only a few studies have reported on the tough glume trait. Here, we report comparative mapping of the soft glume (sog) gene of diploid Triticum monococcum L. and tenacious glume (Tg) gene of hexaploid T. aestivum L. using chromosome-specific SSR and RFLP markers. The sog gene was flanked by Xgwm71 and Xbcd120 in a 6.8 cM interval on chromosome 2AmS of T. monococcum whereas Tg was targeted to a 8.1 cM interval flanked by Xwmc503 and Xfba88 on chromosome 2DS of T. aestivum. Deletion bin mapping of the flanking markers assigned sog close to the centromere on 2AS, whereas Tg was mapped to the most distal region on 2DS. Both 2AS and 2DS maps were colinear ruling out the role of chromosome rearrangements for their non-syntenic positions. Therefore, sog and Tg are not true orthologues suggesting the possibility of a diverse origin.

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Acknowledgments

We express our gratitude to Dr. Harcharan Dhaliwal and Dr. Francesco Salamini for supplying the T. monococcum free-threshing mutants and Duane Wilson and Jon Raupp for excellent technical assistance. Special thanks go to Dr. James Nelson for his help with the statistical analysis of linkage data. Research was partly funded by a USDA-CSREES special grant to WGGRC and a grant from the National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629 to Dr. Guihua Bai. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This is contribution number 09-004-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA

    Shilpa Sood & Bikram S. Gill

  2. Department of Crop Science, Williams Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Vasu Kuraparthy

  3. USDA-ARS-Plant Science and Entomology Research Unit, 4006 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Guihua Bai

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  1. Shilpa Sood
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  2. Vasu Kuraparthy
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Correspondence to Bikram S. Gill.

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Sood, S., Kuraparthy, V., Bai, G. et al. The major threshability genes soft glume (sog) and tenacious glume (Tg), of diploid and polyploid wheat, trace their origin to independent mutations at non-orthologous loci. Theor Appl Genet 119, 341–351 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1043-0

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