Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Characterisation of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) homologue of the Arabidopsis flowering time regulator GIGANTEA

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Barley cDNA and genomic clones homologous to the Arabidopsis flowering time regulator GIGANTEA were isolated. Genetic mapping showed that GIGANTEA is present as a single copy gene in barley (3HS) and rice (1S), while two copies are present in maize (3S and 8S) at locations consistent with previous comparative mapping studies. Comparison of the barley peptide with rice and Arabidopsis gave 94% and 79% similarity, respectively. Northern and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the barley gene (HvGI) showed the presence of a single mRNA species, with a peak of expression between 6 h and 9 h after dawn in short days (8 h light) and a peak 15 h after dawn in long days (16 h light). This behaviour is similar to that seen in Arabidopsis and rice, showing that sequence and expression pattern were well conserved. A lack of correspondence with the map positions of QTL affecting flowering time (heading date) suggests that variation at HvGI does not provide a major source of adaptive variation in photoperiod response.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahn S, Tanksley SD (1993) Comparative linkage maps of the rice and maize genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:7980–7984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boss PK, Bastow RM, Mylne JS, Dean C (2004) Multiple pathways in the decision to flower: enabling, promoting, and resetting. Plant Cell 16: S18–S31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burr B, Burr FA, Thompson KH, Albertson MC, Stuber CW (1988) Gene mapping with recombinant inbreds in maize. Genetics 118:519–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis GL, McMullen MD, Baysdorfer C, Musket T, Grant D, Staebell M, Xu G, Polacco M, Koster L, Melia-Hancock S, Houchins K, Chao S, Coe Jr EH (1999) A maize map standard with sequenced core markers, grass genome reference points and 932 expressed sequence tagged sites (ESTs) in a 1736-locus map. Genetics 152:1137–1172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eimert K, Wang SM, Lue WI, Chen J (1995) Monogenic recessive mutations causing both late floral initiation and excess starch accumulation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 7:1703–1712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler S, Lee K, Onouchi H, Samach A, Richardson K, Morris B, Coupland G, Putterill J (1999) GIGANTEA: a circadian clock-controlled gene that regulates photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis and encodes a protein with several possible membrane-spanning domains. EMBO J 18:4679–4688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleeson TJ, Staden R (1991) An X-Windows and UNIX implementation of our sequence-analysis package. Comput Appl Biosci 7: 398–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths S, Dunford RP, Coupland G, Laurie DA (2003) The evolution of CONSTANS-like gene families in barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 131:1855–1867

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayama R, Coupland G (2004) The molecular basis of diversity in the photoperiodic flowering responses of Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Physiol 135:677–684

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayama R, Yokoi S, Tamaki S, Yano M, Shimamoto K (2003) Adaptation of photoperiodic control pathways produces short-day flowering in rice. Nature 422:719–722

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huq E, Tepperman JM, Quail PH (2000) GIGANTEA is a nuclear protein involved in phytochrome signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:9789–9794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kojima S, Takahashi Y, Kobayashi Y, Monna L, Sasaki T, Araki T, Yano M (2002) Hd3a, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis FT gene, promotes transition to flowering downstream of Hd1 under short-day conditions. Plant Cell Physiol 43:1096–1105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraakman AT, Niks RE, Van den Berg PM, Stam P, Van Eeuwijk FA (2004) Linkage disequilibrium mapping of yield and yield stability in modern spring barley cultivars. Genetics 168:435–446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lander ES, Green P, Abrahamson J, Barlow A, Daly MJ, Lincoln SE, Newburg L (1987) MAPMAKER: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics 1:174–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurie DA, Pratchett N, Devos KM, Leitch IJ and Gale MD (1993). The distribution of RFLP markers on chromosome 2(2H) of barley in relation to the physical and genetic location of 5S rDNA. Theor Appl Genet 87:177–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laurie DA, Pratchett N, Bezant JH, Snape JW (1995) RFLP mapping of five major genes and eight quantitative trait loci controlling flowering time in a winter × spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cross. Genome 38:575–585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore G, Devos KM, Wang Z, Gale MD (1995) Grasses, line up and form a circle. Curr Biol 5:737–739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen KM, Halldorsdottir SS, Stinchcombe JR, Weinig C, Schmitt J, Purugganan MD (2004) Linkage disequilibrium mapping of Arabidopsis CRY2 flowering time alleles. Genetics 167:1361–1369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park DH, Somers DE, Kim YS, Choy YH, Lim HK, Soh MS, Kim HJ, Kay SA, Nam HG (1999) Control of circadian rhythms and photoperiodic flowering by the Arabidopsis GIGANTEA gene. Science 285:1579–1582

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quarrie SA, Laurie DA, Zhu J, Lebreton C, Semikhodskii A, Steed A, Witsenboer H, Calestani C (1997) QTL analysis to study the association between leaf size and abscisic acid accumulation in droughted rice leaves and comparisons across cereals. Plant Mol Biol 35: 155–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1990) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Searle I, Coupland G (2004) Induction of flowering by seasonal changes in photoperiod. EMBO J 23:1217–1222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snape JW, Butterworth K, Whitechurch E, Worland AJ (2001) Waiting for fine times: genetics of flowering time in wheat. Euphytica 119:185–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sothern RB, Tseng TS, Orcutt SL, Olszewski NE, Koukkari WL (2002) GIGANTEA and SPINDLY genes linked to the clock pathway that controls circadian characteristics of transpiration in Arabidopsis. Chronobiol Int 19:1005–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-López P, Wheatley K, Robson F, Onouchi H, Valverde F, Coupland G (2001) CONSTANS mediates between the circadian clock and the control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Nature 410:1116–1120

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng TS, Salome PA, McClung CR, Olszewski NE (2004) SPINDLY and GIGANTEA interact and act in Arabidopsis thaliana pathways involved in light responses, flowering, and rhythms in cotyledon movements. Plant Cell 16:1550–1563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Deynze AE, Nelson JC, Yglesias ES, Harrington SE, Braga DP, McCouch SR, Sorrells ME (1995) Comparative mapping in grasses. Wheat relationships. Mol Gen Genet 248:744–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ML, Atkinson MD, Chinoy CN, Devos KM, Gale MD (1992) Comparative RFLP-based genetic maps of barley chromosome 5(1H) and rye chromosome 1R. Theor Appl Genet 84:339–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson WA, Harrington SE, Woodman WL, Lee M, Sorrells ME, McCouch SR (1999) Inferences on the genome structure of progenitor maize through comparative analysis of rice, maize and the domesticated panicoids. Genetics 153:453–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yano M, Harushima Y, Nagamura Y, Kurata N, Minobe Y, Sasaki T (1997) Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling heading date in rice using a high-density linkage map. Theor Appl Genet 95:1025–1032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yano M, Katayose Y, Ashikara M, Yamanouchi U, Monna L, Fuse T, Baba T, Yamamoto K, Umehara Y, Nagamura Y, Sasaki T (2000) Hd1, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS. Plant Cell 12: 2473–2483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yano M, Kojima S, Takahashi Y, Lin H, Sasaki T (2001) Genetic control of flowering time in rice, a short-day plant. Plant Physiol 127: 1425–1429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Y, Tomkins JP, Waugh R, Frisch DA, Kudrna D, Kleinhofs A, Brueggeman RS, Muehlbauer GJ, Wise RP, Wing RA (2000) A bacterial artificial chromosome library for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and the identification of clones containing putative resistance genes. Theor Appl Genet 101:1093–1099

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a grant-in-aid to the John Innes Centre by the BBSRC. V.C. was also supported by a BBSRC postgraduate studentship. S.G. was a recipient of a John Innes Foundation PhD studentship. We thank Steve Quarrie for provision of the maize mapping populations and for unpublished genetic mapping data for the ‘DTP’ × ‘B73’ population.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK

    R. P. Dunford, S. Griffiths, V. Christodoulou & D. A. Laurie

Authors
  1. R. P. Dunford
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Griffiths
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Christodoulou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. A. Laurie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. A. Laurie.

Additional information

Communicated by F. Salamini

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dunford, R.P., Griffiths, S., Christodoulou, V. et al. Characterisation of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) homologue of the Arabidopsis flowering time regulator GIGANTEA . Theor Appl Genet 110, 925–931 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1912-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1912-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation