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Morphophysiological in vitro performance of Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen) based on culture medium formulations

  • Plant Tissue Culture
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Abstract

Pfaffia glomerata has potential pharmacological and medicinal properties due to the production of a secondary metabolite known as the phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). There have been increasing efforts for massive in vitro propagation of Pfaffia plants due to high extractivism and overharvesting of this species. Research on the species has shown that photoautotrophic cultivation can improve the production of 20E. In addition, other abiotic factors such as the formulations of culture media can influence the morphophysiological behavior of the plants in vitro. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the morphological and physiological performances of P. glomerata plants in different formulations of culture media, under photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic propagation conditions. Six medium formulations, the Driver and Kuniyuki medium (DKW), Correia et al. medium (JADS), Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), Quoirin and Lepoivre medium (QL), Rugini medium (OM), and Woody Plant medium (WPM), all supplemented with DKW vitamins, 100 mg L−1 myo-inositol, 6.5 g L−1 agar, and with or without 3% (w/v) sucrose, were evaluated. Cultures were maintained at 25 ± 2°C, with a 16 h-photoperiod under 60 μmol m−2 s−1 of irradiance under a fluorescent lamp for 50 d. Results showed that the presence or absence of sucrose, and the different nutritional formulations influenced growth, photosynthetic pigment content, endogenous levels of sugars, leaf morphology, levels of 20E, and transport of water and minerals in P. glomerata. Notably, OM, DKW, QL, and WPM media promoted higher production of 20E under photomixotrophic growth conditions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Takeshi Kamada (Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil), Dr. Roberto Fontes Vieira and Dr. Rosa Belém Alves Neves (National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology - Embrapa/Cenargen, Brasília, DF, Brazil) for providing the Pfaffia glomerata accession. The Departments of Plant Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Food Technology, from Federal University of Viçosa, are gratefully acknowledged for providing the facilities for structural analyses, quantifications of 20E, sugar and photosynthetic pigment evaluations, and analyses of the osmotic potential of culture media, respectively.

Funding

The Brazilian sponsoring Agencies, namely FAPEMIG (Belo Horizonte, MG), CNPq (Brasília, DF), and CAPES (Brasília, DF) are acknowledged for financial support, research fellowship, and scholarships granted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais (LCTII), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Tatiane Dulcineia Silva, Kristhiano Chagas, Sérgio Heitor Sousa Felipe, Eliza Louback, Lucas Torres Machado, Amanda Mendes Fernandes, Victor Hugo Teixeira Buttrós, Andréa Dias Koehler, André Ferreira Santos, Priscila Oliveira Silva & Wagner Campos Otoni

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, 65055-310, Brazil

    Diego Silva Batista

  3. Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil

    Letícia Monteiro Farias

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  1. Tatiane Dulcineia Silva
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  2. Kristhiano Chagas
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  3. Diego Silva Batista
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  4. Sérgio Heitor Sousa Felipe
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Correspondence to Wagner Campos Otoni.

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Editor: Randall P. Niedz

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Supplementary Figure 1

Cross sections of the median portion of leaves of Pfaffia glomerata plantlets propagated in the JADS (Correia et al. 1995), MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962), QL, and OM (Rugini 1984) basal medium components with (+) or without (−) sucrose (Suc). Main vein of the median portion of the leaf (A, C, E, G, I). Details of leaf blade (B, D, F, H, J). Abbreviations: Co - Colenchyma; Ad- Epidermis adaxial surface; Ab - Epidermis abaxial surface; St - Stomata; Vb - Vascular bundle; Pp - Palisade parenchyma; Sp - Spongy parenchyma; and Tr - Trichome. Bar = 100 μm. Note: There was not enough plant material for anatomical analysis of the JADS treatment without sucrose. (JPG 545 kb)

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Silva, T.D., Chagas, K., Batista, D.S. et al. Morphophysiological in vitro performance of Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen) based on culture medium formulations. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 55, 454–467 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-10003-9

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